Editing Cross (Heraldic Charge)


'''WARNING: Do not cite this page as a reference. This page is on this wiki only to make the content "searchable" and easier to find. If you find the information you seek here, go to the original sources to verify the information and use them for your documentation.'''
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=Illustrations:= 
==Period:== 
===Field division, fourchetty, cross formy double-pommeled (?)=== 
{| class="wikitable"
| [[File:BSB308WernigeroderCrusillyCounterCrusilly.jpg|BSB308,]] 
| [[File:BSB390_f500_CrossFourchetty.jpg|172x187px|BSB]] 
| [[File:Arlberg_p361_1548_cross.jpg|159x280px|Wappenbuch]] 
|-
| BSB308, Wernigeroder Wappenbuch, 1475-1500, ? Crusilly-counter-crusilly line of division?
| BSB 390 Wappenbuch des Heiligen Römischen Reiches, f500, 1554-68, Cross Fourchetty, used in defining instance
| Wappenbuch der Arlberg-Brudershaft, 1548, f361, cross formy double-pommeled at the foot?
|}

===Tincture issues:=== 
{| class="wikitable"
| [[File:BSB291_f28v_zerocontrastcross.jpg|164x301px|Insignia]] 
| Dictionary of British Arms; Medieval Ordinary, Volume three, page 202, under "Patterned field 1 plain cross plain border" is Arg fretty Gu cross Arg border Sa, for one Sir Hew Bryce, from WK (which is Writhe's Book of Knights, temp. Henry VII) 
| [[File:BSB272_f175_azure-on-gules.jpg|215x241px|Insignia]] 
|-
| Insignia Anglica BSB 291, f28v, zero contrast cross
| 
| Insignia Venetorum, BSB 272 f175, 1550-55, azure on gules, mullet, cross
|}

===Formy floretty, a fancy moline:=== 
{| class="wikitable"
| [[File:Powells_1345-1351_Ashmole804_formyfloretty.jpg|Powell's]] 
| [[File:Powells_1345-1351_Ashmole804_crossmoline.jpg|Powell's]] 
|-
| Powell's Roll, MS Ashmole 804 Pt IV, 1345-52, crosses formy floretty
| Powell's Roll, MS Ashmole 804 Pt IV, 1345-52, cross moline prettied up
|}

===Purpure:=== 
{| class="wikitable"
| [[File:http://www.sofyalarus.info/heraldicart/BSB270_088r_crosspurpure.JPG
|-
| BSB270, Insignia Nobilium Mediolanensium, 1550-55, cross purpure
|}

==Modern:== 
==='''Pictorial Dictionary, 3rd edition:'''=== 
* [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross/ Cross]
===='''Crosses found in period''':==== 
[http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-annulets-braced/ Cross of annulets braced], 
[http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-annulety/ cross annulety], 
[http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-avellane/ cross avellane], 
[http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-bottony/ cross bottony], 
[http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-calatrava/ cross of Calatrava], 
[http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-calvary/ cross of Calvary], 
[http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-clechy/ cross clechy], 
[http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-couped/ cross couped], 
[http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-crescenty/ cross crescenty], 
[http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-crosslet/ cross crosslet], 
[http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-doubly-pommeled/ cross doubly pommeled], 
[http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-ermine-spots/ cross of ermine spots], 
[http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-fitchy-fitched-fitched-foot/ cross fitchy], 
[http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-flory-fleury-floretty-cleves/ cross flory], 
[http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-formy/ cross formy], 
[http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-fourchetty/ cross fouchetty], 
[http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-fourchy/ cross fourchy], 
[http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-fusils/ cross of fusils], 
[http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-glandular/ cross glandular], 
[http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-gringoly/ cross gringoly], 
[http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-jerusalem/ cross of Jerusalem]], [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-key/ key cross]], [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-latin/ Latin cross]], [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-maltese/ Maltese cross]], [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-moline-miller/ cross moline]], [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-parted-fretted/ cross parted and fretted]], [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-patonce/ cross patonce]], [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-patriarchal-lorraine-doubled/ cross patriarchal]], [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-pomelly/ cross pomelly]], [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-portate/ cross portate]], [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-potent/ cross potent]], [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-quarter-pierced/ cross quarter-pierced]], [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-rayonnant/ cross rayonnant]], [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-santiago/ cross of Santiago]], [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-swallowtailed/ cross swallowtailed]], [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-tau-anthony/ tau cross]], [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-toulouse/ cross of Toulouse]], [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-tripartite-fretted/ cross tripartite and fretted]].
====''' Crosses that are '''accepted in the Society''' (as of June 2014):==== 
[http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-ankh/ ankh]], [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-arrondi/ cross arrondi]], [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-bowen/ Bowen cross]], [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-canterbury/ cross of Canterbury]], [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-celtic/ Celtic cross]], [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-coldharbour/ cross of Coldharbour]], [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-coptic/ Coptic cross]], [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-estoile/ cross estoile]], [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-humetty/ cross humetty]], [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-lozenges/ cross of lozenges]], [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-mascles/ cross of mascles]], [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-norse-sun/ Norse sun cross]], [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-pheons/ cross of pheons]], [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-pointed/ cross pointed]], [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-quadrate/ cross quadrate]], [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-russian-orthodox/ Russian Orthodox cross]], [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-samildanach/ cross of Samildanach]], [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-stellata/ crux stellata]].
====''' Crosses which carry a '''step from period practice''' (as of June 2014):==== 
[http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-gurgity/ cross gurgity]], [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-nowy/|cross nowy]], [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-saint-brigid/ cross of Saint Brigid]].

====''' Crosses which have been '''disallowed''':==== 
[http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-alisee/ cross alisee]], [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-barby/ cross barby]], [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-cerdana/ cross of Cerdana]], [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-fillet/ fillet cross]], [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-flames/ cross of flames]], [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-fylfot-gammadion/ fylfot]], [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-2/ Non cross]], [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-papal/ Papal cross]], [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-star/ star cross]], [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cross-ukrainian-sun/ Ukrainian sun cross]].

* For related charges, see [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/chi-rho/ chi-rho], [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/crucifix/ crucifix], [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/saltire/ saltire]. See also [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/cypher-charges/ cypher charges], [http://mistholme.com/dictionary/knot/ knot].
[http://mistholme.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/cross_tripartite-271x300.jpg|159x180px|Cross]


===<span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Vector Graphics:</span>=== 
* <span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Viking Answer Lady - [[http://www.vikinganswerlady.com/Stars/Heraldry_SVG_Images/index.htm]]</span>
{|
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===Pennsic Traceable Art Project:=== 
* [http://www.aeheralds.net/Links/AE_Traceable_Art/IndivPDFs/Cross_Bowen.pdf Cross, Bowen]]</span>
* [http://www.aeheralds.net/Links/AE_Traceable_Art/IndivPDFs/Cross_Celtic.pdf Cross, Celtic]]</span>
* [http://www.aeheralds.net/Links/AE_Traceable_Art/IndivPDFs/Cross_Celtic_equal_armed.pdf Cross, Celtic (equal-armed)]]</span>
* [http://www.aeheralds.net/Links/AE_Traceable_Art/IndivPDFs/Cross_clechy.pdf Cross clechy]]</span>
* [http://www.aeheralds.net/Links/AE_Traceable_Art/IndivPDFs/Cross_Coptic.pdf Cross, Coptic]]</span>
* [http://www.aeheralds.net/Links/AE_Traceable_Art/IndivPDFs/Cross_crosslet.pdf Cross crosslet]]</span>
* [http://www.aeheralds.net/Links/AE_Traceable_Art/IndivPDFs/Cross_crosslet_fitchy.pdf Cross crosslet fitchy]]</span>
* [http://www.aeheralds.net/Links/AE_Traceable_Art/IndivPDFs/Cross_of_ermine_spots.pdf Cross of ermine spots]]</span>
* [http://www.aeheralds.net/Links/AE_Traceable_Art/IndivPDFs/Cross_flory.pdf Cross flory]]</span>
* [http://www.aeheralds.net/Links/AE_Traceable_Art/IndivPDFs/Cross_flory_Latin.pdf Cross flory, Latin]]</span>
* [http://www.aeheralds.net/Links/AE_Traceable_Art/IndivPDFs/Cross_formy.pdf Cross formy]]</span>
* [http://www.aeheralds.net/Links/AE_Traceable_Art/IndivPDFs/Cross_of_Jerusalem.pdf Cross of Jerusalem]]</span>
* [http://www.aeheralds.net/Links/AE_Traceable_Art/IndivPDFs/Cross_key.pdf Cross, key]]</span>
* [http://www.aeheralds.net/Links/AE_Traceable_Art/IndivPDFs/Cross_of_four_lozenges.pdf Cross, of four lozenges]]</span>
* [http://www.aeheralds.net/Links/AE_Traceable_Art/IndivPDFs/Cross_Maltese.pdf Cross, Maltese]]</span>
* [http://www.aeheralds.net/Links/AE_Traceable_Art/IndivPDFs/Cross_moline_1.pdf Cross moline - page 1]]</span>
* [http://www.aeheralds.net/Links/AE_Traceable_Art/IndivPDFs/Cross_moline_2.pdf Cross moline - page 2]]</span>
* [http://www.aeheralds.net/Links/AE_Traceable_Art/IndivPDFs/Cross_patonce.pdf Cross patonce]]</span>
* [http://www.aeheralds.net/Links/AE_Traceable_Art/IndivPDFs/Cross_potent.pdf Cross potent]]</span>
* [http://www.aeheralds.net/Links/AE_Traceable_Art/IndivPDFs/Cross_of_Toulouse_1.pdf Cross of Toulouse - page 1]]</span>
* [http://www.aeheralds.net/Links/AE_Traceable_Art/IndivPDFs/Cross_of_Toulouse_2.pdf Cross of Toulouse - page 2]]</span>
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=Glossary of Terms:= 
==Crosses crosslet:== 
The plural of ''cross crosslet'' is ''crosses crosslet.''
http://heraldry.sca.org/coagloss.html

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='''Other Sources:'''= 
* <span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Academy of St. Gabriel "Medieval Heraldry Archive" - http://www.s-gabriel.org/heraldry/</span>
* <span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Archive of St. Gabriel reports - http://www.panix.com/~gabriel/public-bin/archive.cgi</span>
* <span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Laurel Armory Articles - http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/armory_articles.html</span>

* <span style="background-color: #ffffff;">New Heraldic Primer (Heraldry for Non-Heralds) - http://heraldry.sca.org/armory/newprimer/</span>
* <span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Pictorial Dictionary of Heraldry (PicDic), 3rd Edition - </span><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #1155cc; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">http://mistholme.com/pictorial-dictionary-of-heraldry</span><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"> (in progress)</span>
* [[Period Armorials]]

* Parker's Heraldry - http://karlwilcox.com/parker/ (link broken)
* Riestap's ''Armorial Général - '' http://www.euraldic.com/lasu/bl/bl_a_aa.html

==Coblaith's Cross Articles:== 
* Crosses in SCA Heraldry - http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/default.html (copied below)
* Crosses in SCA Heraldry: Period Crosses - http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html (copied below)
* Crosses in SCA Heraldry: Registered Crosses Not Seen in Period Heraldry - http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/SCA.html
* Crosses in SCA Heraldry: Modifications - http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html
* Crosses in SCA Heraldry: Disallowed Crosses - http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/disallowed.html
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=Precedents:= 
Precedents of the SCA College of Arms - http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/precedents.html<br>
Morsulus Heralds Website - http://www.morsulus.org/ (to search the LoARs and Precedents)

'' '''Use the above links to be sure any precedents listed below haven't been superseded by newer precedents.''' ''

==<u>'''Definition'''</u>:== 

==='''March 2013 - Celtic crosses:'''=== 
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> From Wreath: Celtic Crosses </span>
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Lately we have received several submissions with charges blazoned as _a Celtic </span><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; line-height: 1.5;">cross_ which are clearly not. Instead, these charges are typically a cross couped combined with an annulet in some fashion. Precedent says:</span>

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> The so-called "Celtic" cross is not. A Celtic cross is a specific </span><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; line-height: 1.5;"> type of cross, which has tapering arms. Adding an annulet to any particular type of cross does not automatically make it a Celtic cross. This "crosshair" depiction of a cross is not acceptable. [Sadb ingen Chonchobair, R-Atlantia, Jan 2010 LoAR]</span>

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Any Google image search on "Celtic cross" will turn up a number of correct </span><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; line-height: 1.5;">crosses (at least for outline, ignoring the knotwork). Celtic crosses default to Latin, have the annulet clearly conjoined with the limbs of the cross, and have arms that taper towards the center. Whether or not the ends of the arms are potent is considered artistic license. Celtic crosses are not period heraldic charges, but are period artifacts.</span>

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">There is at least one known period depiction of a plain cross with an annulet, </span><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; line-height: 1.5;">specifically a plain cross throughout with an annulet fretted or interlaced in the Italian arms of Moresini in BSB Cod.icon. 273 on f.48r (</span><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #1155cc; font-family: arial,sans-serif; line-height: 1.5;">[[@http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00001420/image_99]]</span><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; line-height: 1.5;">).</span>
[[http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2013/03/13-03cl.html]]

==='''November 2012 - Cross of Caid revisited:'''=== 
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> From Wreath: On the Cross of Caid, Yet Again </span>
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; line-height: 1.5;">A submission this month from the Kingdom of Caid requested that the portion of their augmentation of arms, _four crescents conjoined in saltire horns outward_, be blazoned as a _cross of Caid_.</span>

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">I can do no better than to quote the May 2007 Cover Letter on this very topic, </span><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; line-height: 1.5;">which reads:</span>
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> Over the years, Laurel has declined to use the term _cross of Caid_ </span><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; line-height: 1.5;">or _Caidan cross_, sometimes explicitly, sometimes implicitly (by changing the blazon that appeared on the LoI without comment). The first return was when Jaelle Laurel in July 1986 [sic, should be 1996] wrote</span>

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> To quote Baldwin in his April 1986 LoAR: "Spring is in the </span><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; line-height: 1.5;">air, and the fit is upon me - let me name but one Cross before I die!" While it is indeed quite tempting to call the four crescents conjoined in saltire a "Cross of Caid", we feel that named SCA motifs make reconstruction of blazons more difficult for heralds and scribes.</span>

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">The letter continues on to discuss the issue, and emphasizes the decision to </span><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; line-height: 1.5;">follow period practice in blazon whenever possible:</span>

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> The usage of the terms _cross of Caid_ and _Caidan cross_ is </span><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; line-height: 1.5;">perfectly acceptable, outside of blazons. These terms will not be used in blazons unless we find support in period blazonry for named crosses (and not just a single instance). If such evidence is presented, this issue may be revisited.</span>

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">The College of Heralds of Caid appealed to the College of Arms for new evidence </span><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; line-height: 1.5;">of named crosses in period blazonry, given the number of period armorials and rolls that have become available in the past several years. Unfortunately, no such new evidence was found. Therefore, we reaffirm the past decisions, and will continue to bar the use of the terms _cross of Caid_ or _Caidan cross_ in blazon.</span>
http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2012/11/12-11cl.html


==='''March 2012 LoAR - cross fourchetty:'''=== 
"Crispin MacCoy. Name and device. Argent, a cross fourchetty and on a chief sable an eye argent irised azure. This is the defining instance of a cross fourchetty in Society armory. This charge, blazoned by Rietstap as a cross fourchetée, can be seen in BSB.Cod.icon 390, Stephan Brechtel's Wappenbuch of the Holy Roman Empire, 1554-1568, on f.500 at [[@http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00020447/image_582]]. The cross fourchetty is a member of the moline cross family, as per the May 2009 Cover Letter, and so is substantially different from crosses not in the same family. The cross fourchetty is significantly different from a cross moline."
http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2012/03/12-03lar.html


==<u>'''Registerability:'''</u>== 
'''(Restricted, Reserved, SFPP, OOP):''' '''see also below Coblaith articles'''

===July 2018 From Wreath: Symbols of Hate===
The resurgence of white supremacist organizations and other hate groups has been in the news recently, and the SCA has not been immune to its effects. The use of Norse and Saxon symbols by such groups directly affects both submitters and the College of Arms...

...SENA A7B4 specifically states that "Some designs are offensive because of individual charges...Others are offensive only in the overall design." There have been several returns for offense over the decades, most recently in the January 2015 LoAR return of Nikolaus Grünenwaldt's device, Gules, in saltire two cubit arms and on a chief argent three crosses formy sable. In that return, Wreath noted:

''In this case, both crosses formy and the red, white, and black color scheme were extensively used in German iconography, including during the Nazi era. These motifs are used today by white supremacist and Neo-Nazi groups in the United States. Additionally, the motif of two white objects (hammers or grenades) crossed in saltire is used in Neo-Nazi iconography, as is a raised white fist, often depicted with a substantial piece of arm, as found in a cubit arm). While any of these motifs is registerable, the combination of them here rises to the point of an offensive potential reference to white supremacist movements.''

We continue to support this ruling...

This brings us to the subject of Celtic crosses and Norse sun crosses. Both symbols have deep spiritual and cultural positive meanings for people around the world, and both are popular motifs in SCA heraldry. However, both have also been used by white supremacist groups for some time now.

The version of the "Celtic" cross used commonly by white supremacists in the U.S. and Europe is '''a cross couped conjoined to and surmounted by an annulet. As drawn, it resembles a gunsight.''' This design is among the more popular designs used by white supremacist groups, similar in ubiquity to the swastika. It was previously ruled unregisterable in the SCA in the January 2010 return of Sadb ingen Chonchobair's device, Argent, on a catamount rampant vert a straight-armed Latinate Celtic cross argent on the ground that the Celtic cross as so drawn is undocumentable; we now rule that '''this rendering of the Celtic cross, both couped and throughout (the latter also being known as a Cross of Coldharbour) is also offensive and unregisterable in any format regardless of documentation'''. A more comprehensive discussion about appropriate Celtic crosses may be found in the next section of this Cover Letter.

Norse sun crosses are not offensive in their own right. They are used in several cultures throughout the world. However, the Norse sun cross is also a popular motif among white supremacists, sometimes used as a stand-in for a swastika, and so must be considered with care...
https://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2018/07/18-07cl.html#1

==='''October 2013 - cross estoile:'''=== 
'''From Wreath: No More Elongated Mullets...'''
We had two submissions this month that featured a mullet elongated palewise. We have no evidence that such artistic treatment of a mullet was ever done in period armory at all, and we grant no difference between a mullet and a mullet elongated palewise.
However, we do '''have period evidence of mullets elongated to base (i.e., only the basemost ray is stretched out), but those appear to be a variant of a comet, not normal mullet'''. An example of such a comet can be seen in the 16th century Italian armorial Insignia Nobilium Patavinorum, BSB Cod.icon. 275, on f.65r (found at http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/bsb00001422/image_137).
Therefore, as we would like to avoid confusion between comets and mullets, '''mullets elongated palewise will no longer be registerable''' after the April 2014 decision meetings...
[Note, a mullet of four points elongated to base is also known as a cross-estoile]
http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2013/10/13-10cl.html

==='''May 2011 - cross barby:'''=== 
Jon Lutherson. Name and device. Argent, a cross barby purpure.
"This device is returned for conflict... On resubmission, the submitter should be aware that the cross barby is the outlawed symbol of the white supremacist movement in Hungary, similar to the use of the swastika/fylfot in Germany, and there was some discussion of banning the cross barby as an offensive charge. We are not ruling on that issue at this time. However, research provided no examples of crosses barby in period heraldry. Any submitter wishing to register this charge after the December 2011 Laurel meeting must provide documentation that it is, in fact, a period charge."
http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2011/05/11-05lar.html

===October 2007 - sun cross revisted:=== 
[[#116]]Mary Taran of Glastonbury and Æduin of Skye. Joint badge. Per fess wavy argent and barry wavy azure and argent, in chief a Norse sun-cross sable.
There was some call to return this badge for using only a single abstract charge. As stated in precedent:
> The Norse sun cross is also the symbol for Earth, and by precedent symbols cannot be registered as the sole charge. This ruling was applied to Norse sun crosses in April 1994 (pg. 15, s.n. Barony of Bonwicke). [Briget MacLeod, 09/2000, R-West]
However, in the registration of Æduin's device in March 2001, Laurel ruled:
> Norse sun crosses are allowed, if not encouraged, because by their alternate blazon, a cross within and conjoined to an annulet, they fit a pattern of combined charges that we have registered for many years, and are at most one step from period practice.
It has long been our standard that you while you cannot blazon your way out of conflict, you can blazon your way out of style problems. If blazoned as ''a cross within and conjoined to an annulet// instead of a //Norse sun cross'', this would obviously not be a single abstract charge. Therefore it is registerable even as the only charge (or charge combination) on the armory.
http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2007/10/07-10lar.html

==<u><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">'''Conflict:'''</span></u>== 
'''see also Coblaith's articles below'''

==='''May 2011 - cross barby vs fleury:'''=== 
Jon Lutherson. Name and device. Argent, a cross barby purpure.
"This device is returned for conflict with the device of Rayne Louvecienne, ''Argent, on a cross fleury purpure, a rose argent''. There is insufficient difference between a cross barby and Rayne's depiction of a cross fleury. There is a single CD for the removal of the rose.
On resubmission, the submitter should be aware that the cross barby is the outlawed symbol of the white supremacist movement in Hungary, similar to the use of the swastika/fylfot in Germany, and there was some discussion of banning the cross barby as an offensive charge. We are not ruling on that issue at this time. However, research provided no examples of crosses barby in period heraldry. Any submitter wishing to register this charge after the December 2011 Laurel meeting must provide documentation that it is, in fact, a period charge."
http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2011/05/11-05lar.html

==='''May 2009 - crosses and substantial difference:'''=== 
From Wreath: Crosses and Substantial Difference
Given the widespread support for the proposal, we are implementing Batonvert's proposal on crosses that appeared on the Cover Letter for the August 2008 LoAR. Substantial difference under X.2 will henceforth be granted between crosses appearing below that do not belong to the same family. The families are:
* Plain crosses couped, including Latinate and humetty.
* Crosses flory, floretty, patonce, clechy, Calatrava, and Santiago.
* Crosses crosslet and bottony.
* Crosses moline, sarcelly, recercelly, anchory, fourchy, and miller.
* Crosses formy/paty. (see the note, below)
* Crosses doubled, patriarchal, and Lorraine.
* The cross potent/billety.
* The Tau cross.
* The cross of Calvary.
* The cross of Toulouse.
* The cross gringoly.
* The cross pomelly/bourdonny.
* The Maltese cross.
We note that, in period, the term paty could refer to crosses in the flory family. The formy/paty family is not intended to overlap these two groups, we are using the SCA blazon term.
Standard period variants of a particular style of cross will not be considered separate; no difference is granted for fitching, changing between equal-armed and Latinate, etc.
Substantial difference between crosses is not limited to the above list. It is, instead, intended to provide a set of guidelines on the most frequently seen crosses in heraldry. All rulings of substantial difference which are not addressed by the above list remain in force, as do all rulings on significant difference.
[[http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2009/05/09-05cl.html]]

==='''August 2008 -''' '''Call For Discussion of Crosses and Substantial Difference'''=== 
The cross is one of the most prolific charges found in medieval heraldry. There were at least a dozen types of "discrete" cross (i.e., a cross used as a charge like a lion or hammer, and not as an ordinary like a fess or bend) found in heraldry by the end of the 14th Century; modern heraldry texts can cite well over a hundred, though it's doubtful how many of the latter were actually used in armory. The Society's question has always been how to count difference between these cross variants. For this discussion, we are considering only discrete crosses such as the ''cross flory,// and not the cross as an ordinary, either plain or complex (e.g., //cross engrailed''.)
Generally, Sovereigns of Arms have been reluctant to grant substantial difference between discrete cross variants: the number of rulings that have granted substantial difference have been far fewer than the rulings that have explicitly disallowed it. We have a guideline of sorts:
> In most cases where substantial difference is given, it is because the charges in question are standard period charges which are definitely not standard period variants of one another and are always visually distinct. [Dec 01]
In practice, the "visually distinct" clause has been used to limit to a CD the difference between two period crosses that were considered as different as lions and horses.
In commentary, Batonvert noted an article by Gerard Brault, in Coat of Arms magazine ("The Cross in Medieval Heraldry", Coat of Arms I(90):54-64, Summer 1974), in which the forms of discrete crosses are listed. In modern blazon, these would be the ''cross flory// (and its artistic variants, the crosses floretty, patonce, and clechy), the //cross crosslet// (and its variant, the cross botonny), the //cross moline// (and its variants, the crosses sarcelly, recercelly, anchory and miller), the //cross formy// (also called the cross paty), the //cross patriarchal// (and its variant, the cross of Lorraine), the //cross potent// (also called the cross billety), the //cross couped,// the //tau cross// (also called the cross of S. Anthony), the //cross Calvary,// the //cross of Toulouse,// the //cross gringoly,// and the //cross pomelly// (also called the cross bourdonny). A later form of cross not discussed in Brault's article is the //Maltese cross''.
All of these crosses are "standard period charges" which were "not standard period variants of one another" -- and, we suspect, would have been considered "visually distinct" by period heralds. We propose that substantial (X.2) difference be granted between any two crosses on the above list.
Other crosses might also get substantial difference, depending on circumstance: we note, for instance, that substantial difference was granted between the ''cross moline// and the //cross of three crossbars, missing the dexter base arm'' based on the number of limbs on each cross (May 01).
Commenters are asked to discuss two questions. First, the question of granting substantial difference between all of the above cross types. Secondly, the question of what standards should be set, if any, for determining substantial difference between crosses, including non-period cross types, in the future.
[[http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2008/08/08-08cl.html]]


==<span style="background-color: #ffffff;">'''<u>Collected Precedents:</u>'''</span>== 
'''<span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Tenure of Elisabeth de Rossignol (May 2005 - July 2008)</span>'''<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;"> - </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;">[[http://heraldry.sca.org/precedents/elisabeth/armory.html#CROSS|CROSS]]</span>
'''<span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The 2nd Tenure of François la Flamme (October 2004 - May 2005) - </span>'''<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;">[[http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/sca/armoryprec.html#CROSS|CROSS]]</span>
'''<span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The Tenure of Shauna of Carrick Point (May 2004 - August 2004) -</span>''' <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #006600;">[[http://heraldry.sca.org/precedents/shauna/armory.html|Collected Armory Precedents]]</span>
'''<span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The Tenure of François la Flamme (August 2001 - April 2004) -</span>''' <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #006600;">[[http://heraldry.sca.org/precedents/francois/wreath.html|Collected Armory Precedents]]</span>
'''<span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The Tenure of Elsbeth Anne Roth (June 1999 - July 2001) -</span>''' <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #006600;">[[http://heraldry.sca.org/precedents/elsbeth/armory.html|Collected Armory Precedents]]</span>
'''<span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The Tenure of Jaelle of Armida (June 1996 - June 1999) -</span>''' <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #006600; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;">[[http://heraldry.sca.org/precedents/jaeprec.html|Single HTML Document]]</span>
'''<span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The 2nd Tenure of Da'ud ibn Auda (November 1993 - June 1996) -</span>''' <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #006600;">[[http:''heraldry.sca.org/precedents/daud2/volume3.html|the 1st part]]</span><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"> (Nov 1993 - June 1994) and </span><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #006600;">[[http:''heraldry.sca.org/precedents/daud2/daudIITOC.html|the 2nd part]]</span><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"> (July 1994 - June 1996)</span>
'''<span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The Tenure of Bruce Draconarius of Mistholme (June 1992 - October 1993) -</span>''' <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #006600;">[[http://heraldry.sca.org/precedents/bruce/|Collected precedents]]</span>
'''<span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The 1st Tenure of Da'ud ibn Auda (June 1990 - June 1992) -</span>''' <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #006600;">[[http:''heraldry.sca.org/precedents/daud/daud1toc.html|the 1st year]]</span><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"> (June 1990 - June 1991) and </span><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #006600;">[[http:''heraldry.sca.org/precedents/daud/daud1btoc.html|the 2nd year]]</span><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"> (July 1991 - June 1992)</span>
'''<span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The Tenure of Alisoun MacCoul of Elphane (September 1986 - June 1990) -</span>''' <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #006600;">[[http://heraldry.sca.org/precedents/alisoun/AMETOP.html|Collected Precedents]]</span>
'''<span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The Tenure of Baldwin of Erebor (August 1984 - August 1986) -</span>''' <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #006600; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;">[[http://heraldry.sca.org/precedents/baldwin.html|Single HTML Document]]</span>
'''<span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The Tenure of Wilhelm von Schlüssel (August 1979 - August 1984) -</span>''' <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #006600;">[[http://heraldry.sca.org/precedents/wilhelm/volume3.html|Collected Precedents]]</span>
'''<span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The Tenure of Karina of the Far West (December 1975 - June 1979) -</span>''' <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #006600;">[[http://heraldry.sca.org/precedents/karina/volume2.html|Collected Precedents]]</span>
'''<span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The Early Days (June 1971 - June 1975) -</span>''' <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #006600;">[[http://heraldry.sca.org/precedents/early/volume1.html|Collected Precedents]]</span>
----

=Coblaith's Crosses in S.C.A. Heraldry= 
by Coblaith Muimnech ''- see http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/default.html for most up-to-date information

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;">''Note: The information here is current through the October, 2014 [[http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/|Laurel Letter of Acceptances and Returns]], so far as I was able to make it.''</span>

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;">When the term "cross" appears in a blazon and no type is specified, it refers to an [[http:''heraldry.sca.org/armory/newprimer/h4f6.shtml|ordinary]] made up of two lines, one horizontal and one vertical, that overlap at the center of the field. Like most other ordinaries, a cross can can use [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#complexlines complex lines]]. It can be divided into two or more [http://heraldry.sca.org/armory/newprimer/h4f2.shtml tinctures]]. It can be be [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#fimbriate fimbriated]], [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#voided voided]], or [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#cotise cotised]]. Other charges can be placed on it, or it can overlie other charges. There are no special rules for blazoning these particulars; it works the same way it works for any other ordinary.</span>
{| class="wikitable"
| http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ordinary.jpg
| http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/cotised.jpg
| http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/engrailed.jpg
| http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/countercompony.jpg
| http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/charged.jpg
|-
| Gules, a cross argent. From BSB Cod.icon. 390, folio 44 
| Or, a cross cotised sable. From SGS Cod. Sang 1084, folio 27 
| Argent, a cross engrailed gules. From BSB Cod.icon. 390, folio 792  
| Sable, a cross compony counter-compony Or and gules. From SGS Cod. Sang 1084, folio 35
| Gules, on a cross argent five roundels gules pierced Or. from BSB Cod.icon. 291, folio 26r
|-
| http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00020447/image_114
| http://www.e-codices.unifr.ch/en/csg/1084/27
| http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00020447/image_874
| http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00001647/image_55
| 
|}


A cross, like a fess, a saltire, or a chevron, can be also be [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#coupedfamily|couped]]. That is, the ends of the arms can be cut short, so that they don't reach the edges of the shield. Such crosses are simple variants of the ordinary.

Where things really begin to get complicated is in the plethora of [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html specialty crosses]] that were recognized in period heraldry as independent charges, the smaller but significant number of [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/SCA.html modern crosses]] inspired by these or by period motifs or artifacts that are part of S.C.A. heraldry, and all the [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html optional treatments]] that can be used to distinguish crosses of the same types from one another. Add in the fact that the characteristics of certain types of crosses can be [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html combined]], with or without additional treatments, to create doubly- and triply-complex variants, and dealing with crosses as a category quickly becomes one of the most befuddling aspects of heraldry in the Society.</span>

{|
| [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/couped2.jpg|125x150px|center|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00001647/image_34]]
|}


Per pale argent, in pile ten torteaus, and Or, on a cross couped engrailed sable five mullets argent.
from BSB Cod.icon. 291, folio 15v {|
| [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/moline5.jpg|110x150px|center|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00001420/image_255]]
|}


Per fess sable and argent, a cross moline countercharged.
from BSB Cod.icon. 273, folio 126r {|
| [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/crossletfitchy.jpg|121x150px|center|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00001647/image_51]]
|}


Gules, a bend between six crosses crosslet fitchy argent.
from BSB Cod.icon. 291, folio 24r {|
| [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/nowyquadrate2.jpg|112x150px|center|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00001430/image_337]]
|}


Argent, a cross bottony nowy quadrate and on a chief Or an eagle sable.
from BSB Cod.icon. 270, folio 164r {|
| [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/formy3.jpg|123x150px|center|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00001647/image_47]]
|}


Quarterly argent and gules, four crosses formy counterchanged.
from BSB Cod.icon. 291, folio 22r {|
|
|-
|<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;">To simplify the conflict-checking process, the sovereigns at arms have [http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2009/05/09-05cl.html grouped a number of the most common period cross types into "famillies"]]. Any cross included in one of these families is considered to be substantially changed (as defined in [http://heraldry.sca.org/sena.html#A5 Part A.5]] of the S.C.A's Standards for Evaluation of Names and Armory) from any cross in any other family. But not every sort of cross that can be registered is included in this list, and not every pair of types that are substantially changed from one another is represented. Crosses that aren't part of any family must be compared one-to-one with each other and with family crosses when conflict checks are done. Comparisons that have been weighed by the sovereigns at arms in the past are mentioned in the [http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/precedents.html precedents]], but there are plenty of types of cross that they've never had reason to contrast with one another.</span>
|}


====<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;">General Principles for Conflict Checking:</span>==== 
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;">The sovereigns at arms have established a few general principles that can be applied when crosses are checked for conflict.</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">"Standard period variants of a particular style of cross will not be considered separate; no difference is granted for [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#fitchy fitching]], changing between equal-armed and [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#Latin Latinate]], etc." ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2009/05/09-05cl.html cover letter]] to the May, 2009 LoAR)</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">"While we give a CD for a standard cross throughout versus a cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#coupedfamily couped]], for most crosses. . .we do not give such difference for couped versus [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#throughout|throughout]]." ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2002/02/02-02lar.html#230 February, 2002 LoAR]]) [There are some exceptions.]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">"Adding or removing a. . .tertiary. . .charge group is a distinct change (DC)." (SENA [http://heraldry.sca.org/sena.html#A5G2 Part A.5]] [http://heraldry.sca.org/sena.html#A5G2 A.5.G.2]]) [A tertiary charge group is any group of charges placed entirely on other charges, which includes charges on crosses.]</span>

====General Rules about Period Style:==== 
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;">And there are some general rules about crosses and period style, including these:</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">"A cross of any type should either be [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#throughout throughout]] on all arms or not throughout on any of them." ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2004/07/04-07lar.html#301 July, 2004 LoAR]])</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">"The default </span>''<span style="line-height: 1.5;">crusilly</span>//<span style="line-height: 1.5;"> is of crosses crosslet." ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2002/08/02-08lar.html#G_ATLANTIA_4 August, 2002 LoAR]]) ["Crusilly" means "semy of crosses"--that is, 'having multiple crosses scattered over it.']</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">"While SCA-variant charges are often considered acceptable ('period-compatible', as it were), we draw the line at variants of SCA-variants." ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1992/11/lar.html November, 1992 LoAR]])</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">"The SCA allows crosses of all sorts to be charged. . .." ([[http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2002/04/02-04lar.html#203|April, 2002 LoAR]])</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">"A cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#throughout throughout]] which overlies the line of division on a quarterly field does not remove the [http://heraldry.sca.org/sena.html#A6F appearance of marshalling]] by quartering, even if the cross throughout is treated with a [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#complexlines complex line]] (such as engrailed) or has complex ends (such as [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#formyfamily formy]] or [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#molinefamily moline]].) A cross which is not throughout, or which does not overlie the quarterly line of division (such as a [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#taufamily Tau]] cross), will remove the appearance of marshalling unless evidence is presented that the cross under discussion was used for marshalling in period heraldry." ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2003/06/03-06lar.html#126 June, 2003 LoAR]])</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Because, "It is poor style to use two similar but non-identical charges in a single group," the use of two different types of crosses in a single charge group is grounds for return. ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/1991/07/lar.html July, 1991 LoAR]], [http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/1995/06/lar.html June, 1995 LoAR]])</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">"[A]ny non-ordinary cross used as a charge, is not an [http://heraldry.sca.org/primer/ordinaries.html ordinary]] and thus cannot be [http://heraldry.sca.org/armory/newprimer/h4f3.shtml counterchanged]] over an ordinary. . .." ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2006/05/06-05lar.html#156 May, 2006 LoAR]])</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">On a tower or castle, "Cross that appear to be arrow slits, such as plain crosses and crosses [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#pomellyfamily pometty]], will be treated as architectural details - not as tertiary charges," ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2008/01/08-01lar.html#170 January, 2008 LoAR]]), and "artistic details are allowed to have poor contrast," ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2009/11/09-11lar.html#97 November, 2009 LoAR]]).</span>
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;">These broad ideas, combined with the precedents related to specific cross types that I've collected in the tables that make up the bulk of this article, should help anyone who's considering submitting armory that contains one or more crosses get a head start on researching any issues with them that are likely to arise. Use the lists below to navigate directly to information on a cross type that interests you, or browse through the images on the table pages if you aren't sure what the cross you're considering is called.</span>
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;">Note: I've tried to index every term that appears in a registered blazon or precedent, so that someone looking for more information on one can easily find it. That means that some types of crosses are listed more than once, under different terms that have been used to describe them. So if you click on one term and find yourself routed to a table entry headed with another, read the entry. Odds are the term you're investigating is an alternate blazon.</span>
Table of Crosses and Modifications Mentioned in Precedents or Registered without Comment by the S.C.A. College of Arms
{|
|''' ====[[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html'''|Period Crosses]]==== 
|-
|(those marked "F" are included in conflict-checking families) ||''' ====Modern Crosses==== '''
|-
|(including those used only in the S.C.A.) ||''' ====[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/disallowed.html Disallowed Crosses]]==== ||''' ====[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html Modifications]]==== 
|-
| cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#molinefamily anchory]] [F]
|-
|cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#avellane avellane]]
|-
|cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#potentfamily billety]] [F]
|-
|cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#crossletfamily bottony]] [F]
|-
|cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#pomellyfamily bourdonny]] [F]
|-
|Cross of [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#floryfamily Calatrava]] [F]
|-
|Cross of [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#Calvaryfamily Calvary]] [F]
|-
|Cross of [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#floryfamily Cleves]] [F]
|-
|cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#floryfamily clechy]] [F]
|-
|cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#coupedfamily couped]] [F]
|-
|cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#threecrossbars couped of three crossbars, missing the dexter base arm]]
|-
|cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#crescenty crescenty]]
|-
|cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#crossletfamily crosslet]] [F]
|-
|[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#doubledfamily doubled]] cross [F]
|-
|[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#swallowtail double-fitched]]
|-
|[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#doublypommeled doubly pommeled]]
|-
|cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#erminespots erminy]]
|-
|[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#fillet fillet]] cross
|-
|cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#floryfamily floretty]] [F]
|-
|cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#floryfamily flory]] / fleury [F]
|-
|cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#formyfamily formy]] [F]
|-
|cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#molinefamily fourchetty]] [F]
|-
|cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#molinefamily fourchy]] [F]
|-
|cross of [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#erminespots four ermine spots]]
|-
|cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#glandular glandular]]
|-
|cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#Calvaryfamily graded]] [F]
|-
|[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#coupedfamily Greek]] cross [F]
|-
|[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#RussianOrthodox Greek Orthodox]] cross
|-
|cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#gringolyfamily gringoly]] [F]
|-
|Cross of [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#Jerusalem Jerusalem]]
|-
|[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#key key]] cross
|-
|Cross of [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#doubledfamily Lorraine]] [F]
|-
|cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#lozenged lozenged]]
|-
|[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#Maltesefamily Maltese]] Cross [F]
|-
|[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#molinefamily miller]] cross [F]
|-
|cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#molinefamily mill-rind]] [F]
|-
|cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#molinefamily moline]] [F]
|-
|[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#Norsesun Norse sun]] cross
|-
|[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#Latin passion]] cross
|-
|cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#floryfamily patonce]] [F]
|-
|[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#doubledfamily patriarchal]] cross [F]
|-
|cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#pointed pointed]]
|-
|cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#pomellyfamily pomelly]] [F]
|-
|cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#pomellyfamily pommy]] [F]
|-
|cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#portate portate]]
|-
|cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#potentfamily potent]] [F]
|-
|cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/SCA.html#rebannul potent rebated in annulo]]
|-
|cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#formyfamily paty]] [F]
|-
|cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#molinefamily recercelly]] [F]
|-
|[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#RussianOrthodox Russian Orthodox]] cross
|-
|Cross of [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#floryfamily Santiago]] [F]
|-
|Cross of [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#taufamily St. Ant[h]ony]] [F]
|-
|Cross of [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#crossletfamily St. Julian]]
|-
|cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#molinefamily sarcelly]] [F]
|-
|cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#swallowtail swallowtailed]]
|-
|''[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#taufamily tau]]'' cross [F]
|-
|Cross of [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#Toulousefamily Toulouse]] [F]
|-
|cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#crossletfamily trefly]] [F] || [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/SCA.html Crosses Not Composed of Other Charges]]
|-
|cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/SCA.html#alisee alisée]]
|-
|[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/SCA.html#ankh ankh]]
|-
|cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/SCA.html#annuletted annuletted]]
|-
|crux [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/SCA.html#ankh ansata]]
|-
|cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/SCA.html#arrondi arrondi]]
|-
|cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/SCA.html#barby barby]]
|-
|[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/SCA.html#Bowen Bowen]] cross
|-
|[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/SCA.html#Canterbury Canterbury]] cross
|-
|[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/SCA.html#Celtic Celtic]] cross
|-
|Cross of [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/SCA.html#Coldharbour Coldharbour]]
|-
|[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/SCA.html#anchor1741098 Coptic]] cross
|-
|cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/SCA.html#endpheons ending in four pheons]]
|-
|cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/SCA.html#estoile estoile]]
|-
|cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/SCA.html#gurgity gurgity]]
|-
|cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/SCA.html#potarch potent arched]]
|-
|cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/SCA.html#rebannul potent rebated in annulo]]
|-
|Cross of [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/SCA.html#Brigid Saint Brigid]]
|-
|Cross of [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/SCA.html#anchor1672246 Samildanach]]
|-
|crux [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/SCA.html#stellata stellata]]
|}


[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html Crosses of Charges]]
[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#endtoend Joined End-to-End]]
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#arrowheads arrowheads]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#annulets annulets]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#anchors anchors]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#birds birds]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#bows bows and arrows]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#caltrops caltrops]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#Cavendish Cavendish knots]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#crescents crescents]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#cubit cubit arms]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#demifleurs demi-fleurs]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#drinkhorns drinking horns]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#fleurs fleurs-di-lys]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#grenade grenade]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#hearts hearts]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#horseheads horse's heads]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#keys keys]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#leaves leaves]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#lozenges lozenges]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#mascles mascles]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#passion passion nails]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#pheons pheons]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#piles piles]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#quatre quatrefoils]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#rose rose]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#rustres rustres]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#seaxes seaxes]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#swords swords]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#Thor Thor's hammers]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#tulips tulips]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#opals whitebased opals]]</span>
[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#overlap Crossed at the Middle]]
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#arrows arrows]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#quadpart barrulets]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#bones bones]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#bow bows]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#cables cables]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#links cartouches]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#chain chains]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#links links of chain]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#lute lute]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#key key]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#millrind millrinds]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#nails nails]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#needle needle]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#quadpart pallets]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#ragged ragged staves]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#sickle sickle]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#tongs smith's tongs]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#spear spear]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#spoons spoons]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#staff staff]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#sword swords]]</span> {|
| cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/disallowed.html#aliseeformy alisée formy]]
|-
|[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/disallowed.html#capital capital]] cross
|-
|Cross of [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/disallowed.html#Cerdanya Cerdaña]]
|-
|[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/disallowed.html#anchor3560805 crosshair]] cross
|-
|cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/disallowed.html#crossletdouble crosslet with extra crossbars]]
|-
|cross of [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/disallowed.html#flames flames]]
|-
|cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/disallowed.html#alis%3Feformy formy convex]]
|-
|[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/disallowed.html#fylfot fylfot]] cross
|-
|Latin cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/disallowed.html#shifted shifted]] to dexter or sinister
|-
|[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/disallowed.html#non non]]-cross
|-
|[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/disallowed.html#Papal Papal]] cross
|-
|cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/disallowed.html#pateebotonny patee botonny]]
|-
|cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/disallowed.html#patteeconcave patée concave]]
|-
|cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/disallowed.html#aliseeformy patty convex]]
|-
|[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/disallowed.html#redcross Red Cross]] cross
|-
|[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/disallowed.html#Damiano San Damiano]] cross
|-
|[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/disallowed.html#star star]]-cross
|-
|[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/disallowed.html#Ukraniansun Ukranian sun ]]cross || "[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html stacking]]" crosses of different types
|}


Based on Characteristics of Named Cross Types
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#bottonytreat bottony]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#doublecrossed double crossed]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#fleuritty fleuritty]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#florytreat flory]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#formytreat formy]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#pomfoot pomelly at the foot]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#potenttreat potent]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#swallowtailtreat swallowtailed]]</span>

Other Registered Modifications
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#complexlines complex lines]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#nowy concave]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#cotise cotised]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#disjointed disjointed]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#elongated elongated]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#fimbriate fimbriated]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#fitchy fitchy]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#fitchyfoot fitchy at the foot]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#irradiated irradiated]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#Latin Latin]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#Latin long]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#mossue mossue]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#nowy nowy]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#partfret parted and fretted]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#pierce pierced]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#pometty pometty]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#nowy quadrate]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#nowy quadrate by estoile]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#throughout throughout]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#part treble parted]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#partfret triparted and fretted]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#part tripartite]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#partfret triple-parted and fretted]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#voided voided]]</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#winged winged]]</span>


[[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#disallowedmods|Disallowed]] Modifications
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">barbed at the foot</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">bearing a figure of the same tincture</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">draped of a cloth</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">ending in spirals</span>
<span style="display: block; text-align: center;">
</span><span style="display: block; text-align: left;"><span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#unregistered Defined Modifications]] Not Yet Registered</span></span>* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">enflamed</span> {|
|
|-
|<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;">This page was written and is maintained by [[mailto:CoblaithM@gmail.com|Coblaith Muimnech]], who created and owns the copyright to all portions not attributed to others. You may print or electronically copy it for your own use or to pass on to others, provided you do not seek to profit from its distribution.</span>
|-
|<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;">Click to visit Coblaith's [http://coblaith.net/ homepage]] or the index to her [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/ heraldry articles]].</span>
|-
|----
|-
|<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;">Click any of the above illustrations to see them in their original contexts. The cited manuscripts are:</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">BSB Cod.icon 270: a book of arms of northern Italian cities and Milanese nobility made in Italy in the 16th century, now in the collection of the Bavarian State Library</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">BSB Cod.icon. 273: a book of arms of the Venetian nobility made in Italy in the 16th century, now in the collection of the Bavarian State Library</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">BSB Cod.icon. 291: a book of English arms made in England in the middle of the 16th century, now in the collection of the Bavarian State Library</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">BSB Cod.icon. 390: an armorial of the Holy Roman Empire made by Stephen Brechtel in Nürnberg between 1554 and 1568, now in the collection of the Bavarian State Library</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">SGS Cod. Sang. 1084: an armorial made by Hans Haggenberg for Ulrich Rösch, abbot of Saint Gall's, in the 15th century, now in the collection of the St. Gall abbey library</span>
|-
|----
|-
|----
|-
|=Coblaith's Crosses in S.C.A. Heraldry: Period Crosses= 
|-
|by Coblaith Muimnech ''-// http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html
|}


''Article as of December 2014:''

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;">Period crosses (i.e., those that were used in heraldry in the 16th century or before) have certain advantages over all others where both considerations of style and conflict-checking are concerned. Specifically, "Armorial elements are registerable if they are attested in period European armory.. . .Elements used in arms, in badges, and in crests all meet this standard," and, "Types of charges considered distinct in period are considered distinctly changed." (the S.C.A's Standards for Evaluation of Names and Armory, Parts [http://heraldry.sca.org/sena.html#A2B1 A.2.B.1]] and [http://heraldry.sca.org/sena.html#A5G4 A.5.G.4]])</span>

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;">I have done my best to identify all period cross types registered in the S.C.A. or mentioned in S.C.A. precedents, and to collect information on them on this page. In some cases, where I've been able neither to find a period emblazon showing a particular cross type nor find a precedent explicitly describing it as modern or period, I've had to guess at whether it belonged here or with the [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/SCA.html modern crosses]]. If you spot an error, please let me know. (But don't expect me to take your word that a cross is "ancient". I'll need to see some evidence that it was used in period heraldry to move it here.)</span>

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;">These tables don't necessarily include every precedent related to any given type of cross that was ever issued. I intentionally left out those that have been explicitly overruled and avoided including multiple precedents that state and re-state the same information, and it is always possible that I've missed a ruling here or there by accident. Please consult the [http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/precedents.html precedents]] yourself if you need comprehensive information on everything that's ever been said about a particular cross.</span>

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;">Please note: Under "rulings and precedents" in the tables below, the phrase "ordinary cross" is often used where the unmodified "cross" would be used in blazon, to avoid any confusion that might arise from a statement like, "A cross formy throughout is significantly different from a cross."</span>

====Period Crosses Grouped into Families for Conflict Checking==== 
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;">Any cross included in any family is considered substantially changed (as defined in the S.C.A's Standards for Evaluation of Names and Armory, [http://heraldry.sca.org/sena.html#GP4D Part GP.4.D]]) from any cross in any other family, per the [http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2009/05/09-05cl.html cover letter]] to the May, 2009 LoAR (where the term "substantially different" is used). Every such cross must, however, still be compared individually with other crosses in its own family and with crosses not part of any family.</span>
{|
|''' family '''||||''' sample emblazons '''||''' rulings and precedents '''
|-
| =====[[#coupedfamily]]plain crosses couped, including [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#Latin|Latinate]] and humetty===== 
|}


There has been one registration in which the term "'''Greek cross'''" was used to blazon an equal-armed cross couped. {|
| [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/couped1.jpg|138x150px|center|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00020447/image_933]]
|}


Argent, three crosses couped gules.
BSB Cod.icon. 390, folio 851 {|
| [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/coupedLatin1.jpg|112x150px|center|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00001415/image_193]]
|}


Argent, a Latin cross couped sable.
BSB Cod.icon. 267, folio 93r {|
| '''on charges within the family only:'''
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">"At this time we will formally adopt the definition that any ordinary humetty is couped parallel to the edge of the field. It is an artistic variation of couped; no difference will be granted between the two." ([[http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2011/03/11-03lar.html#258|March, 2011 LoAR]])</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">The use of an [http://heraldry.sca.org/primer/orientations.html inverted]] [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#Latin Latin]] cross is, in and of itself, not offensive ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1998/10/lar.html October, 1998 LoAR]]).</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Special rules apply to the use of [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/disallowed.html#redcross crosses couped gules]].</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">On a tower or castle, "Cross that appear to be arrow slits, such as plain crosses. . .will be treated as architectural details - not as tertiary charges," ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2008/01/08-01lar.html#170 January, 2008 LoAR]]), and "artistic details are allowed to have poor contrast," ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2009/11/09-11lar.html#97 November, 2009 LoAR]]).</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">A cross couped is significantly different from an ordinary cross ([http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/G_AN_TIR_11 January, 2003 LoAR]]).</span>
|}


'''related to charges outside the family:'''
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">A cross couped is significantly different from a cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#lozenges of four lozenges]] ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1996/04/lar.html April, 1996 LoAR]]).</span> {|
|
|-
|^   || [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/humetty.jpg|125x150px|bottom]]
|-
|cross humetty ||   ||^   
|-
| =====[[#floryfamily]]crosses flory, floretty, patonce, clechy, Calatrava, and Santiago===== 
|}


"a '''Cross of Cleves''' is a [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#Latin Latin]] Cross fleury" ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/1973/09/lar.htm September 1973]]) {|
| [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/fleury.jpg|126x150px|bottom|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00001647/image_52]]
|-
|Gules, a cross flory argent and in canton an escallop Or.
|-
|BSB Cod.icon. 291, folio 24v || [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/floretty.jpg|134x150px|bottom|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00001370/image_69]]
|-
|Gules, a cross floretty argent.
|-
|BSB Cod.icon. 290, folio 28r || '''on charges within the family only:'''
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">"Crosses flory may be both [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#voided voided]] and [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#fimbriate fimbriated]]. . .." ([]=[http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2009/12/09-12lar.html#150 December, 2009 LoAR]])</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">A cross clechy may be voided. ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2007/12/07-12lar.html#47 December, 2007 LoAR]])</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">"The cross of Santiago is one of the more variable forms of period crosses. . .. The bottom arm of the cross is always [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#fitchy fitchy]]. . ..The side arms are an often-flamboyant sort of flory. The top arm ranges from a standard flory, to a subdued form of flory, to a round- or card-pique-shaped 'sword hilt' shape." ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2003/07/03-07lar.html#32 July, 2003 LoAR]]) ". . .[A]n examination of crosses of Santiago from period or shortly after show that the bottom arm of the cross does not necessarily have a flare in the lower limb.. . .We are therefore adjusting our definition of a cross of Santiago to include crosses without a sword-shaped flare to the lower limb." ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2013/12/13-12lar.html#288 December, 2013 LoAR]])</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">The difference between a Cross of Santiago and a cross flory [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#fitchy fitchy]] is a flare in the lower limb of the latter ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2008/11/08-11lar.html#105 November, 2008 LoAR]]). ". . .[T]here is not sufficient difference between a cross of Santiago and a cross fleury fitchy. We have traditionally not granted difference for the fitching of a cross." ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2013/12/13-12lar.html#288 December, 2013 LoAR]])</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">". . .[A] cross of Calatrava does not have the arms intersecting anywhere except at the center: the arms come straight out, split, each piece heads back towards the center, but the arms do not touch anywhere after the split." ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2011/04/11-04lar.html#75 April, 2011 LoAR]])</span>
|-
|* 
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">A cross clechy is significantly different from a cross fleury ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1990/07/lar.html July, 1990 LoAR]]) and from a Cross of Santiago ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2005/11/05-11lar.html#145 November, 2005 LoAR]]).</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">A cross fleury is not significantly different from a cross patonce ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2005/01/05-01lar.html#116 May, 1994 LoAR]]), a Cross of Santiago ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1997/12/lar.html December, 1997 LoAR]]), or a Cross of Calatrava ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2005/01/05-01lar.html#116 January, 2005 LoAR]]).</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">A [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#Latin Latin]] cross flory [or a Cross of Cleves--see the quote in the far left column] is not significantly different from a Cross of Santiago ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1996/09/lar.html September, 1996 LoAR]]).</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">A properly drawn cross patonce is splayed along its arms, not just at the ends. ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2012/01/12-01lar.html#8 January, 2012 LoAR]]) A cross patonce is not significantly different from a Cross of Santiago ([[http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2001/03/01-03lar.html#107 March, 2001 LoAR]]) or a cross clechy ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2004/07/04-07lar.html#23 July, 2004 LoAR]]).</span>
|-
|* <span style="font-size: 1.066em; line-height: 1.5;">related to charges outside the family:</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">"A [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#key key cross]] is a period charge found in the arms of Pisa. It is defined as a</span>//<span style="line-height: 1.5;">cross clechy [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#pometty pommety]] at the points</span>//<span style="line-height: 1.5;">." ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2006/01/06-01lar.html#1 January, 2006 LoAR]])</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">"The cross of [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/disallowed.html#Cerda%3Fa Cerdaña]] is a minor artistic variant of a </span>//<span style="line-height: 1.5;">cross clechy</span>//<span style="line-height: 1.5;">" ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2002/07/02-07lar.html#G_ANSTEORRA_2 July, 2002 LoAR]])</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">"The cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#formyfamily formy]] [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#fleuritty floretty]] may be found in period armory. ." ([http:///heraldry.sca.org/loar/2003/12/03-12lar.html#180 December, 2003 LoAR]])</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">"A properly drawn cross formy fitched at the foot would have the arms clearly separated." ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2014/07/14-07lar.html#27 July, 2014 LoAR]])</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">A cross patonce is substantially different from a [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/SCA.html#Bowen Bowen]] cross ([[http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2004/09/04-09lar.html#77 September, 2004 LoAR]]) and significantly different from a cross [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#avellane avellane]] ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2009/09/09-09lar.html#111 September, 2009 LoAR]]).</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">A cross clechy is substantially different from a Cross of [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/SCA.html#Brigid Saint Brigid]]([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2006/09/06-09lar.html#258 September, 2006 LoAR]])</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">A cross of Santiago is substantially different from [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#links two links of chain fretted in cross]] and from an [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/SCA.html#ankh ankh]] ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2005/11/05-11lar.html#145 November, 2005 LoAR]]).</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">A cross fleury is significantly different from a cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#erminespots of four ermine spots]]([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2002/12/02-12lar.html#109 December, 2002 LoAR]]), four fleurs-de-lys in cross ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2000/01/00-01lar.html#163 August, 1993 LoAR]]), four fleurs-de-lys bases to center ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2007/06/07-06lar.html#1 June, 2007 LoAR]]) and a [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/SCA.html#Celtic Celtic]] cross ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2000/01/00-01lar.html#163 January, 2000 LoAR]]), but not significantly different from a Cross of Calatrava ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2005/01/05-01lar.html January, 2005 LoAR]]).</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">A cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#crossletfamily crosslet]] fleury is significantly different from a crux [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/SCA.html#stellata stellata]] ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1996/07/lar.html July, 1996 LoAR]]).</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">A cross [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#swallowtail swallowtailed]] is significantly different from a cross patonce and a cross fleury ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1993/03/lar.html March, 1993 LoAR]]).</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">A Cross of Calatrava is substantially different from a cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#erminespots of four ermine spots]] ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2011/03/11-03lar.html#213 March, 2011 LoAR]]), but not significantly different from a cross [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#anchors of four anchors]] ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1990/09/lar.html September, 1990 LoAR]]) or a cross fleury ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2005/01/05-01lar.html January, 2005 LoAR]]).</span>
|-
|* ''<span style="line-height: 1.5;">Note: A cross clechy has a lot in common with a cross [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#lozenged lozenged]].</span>'' 
|-
|^   || [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/patonce.jpg|136x150px|bottom|link=http://www.archive.org/stream/somefedualcoatso00fostuoft#page/125/mode/1up/]]
|-
|cross patonce
|-
|Joseph Foster's 1902 <u>Some Feudal Coats of Arms</u>, page 125 || [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/clechy.jpg|163x149px|bottom|link=http://www.archive.org/stream/encyclopaediaher03berr#page/n98/mode/1up]]
|-
|cross clechy
|-
|Volume III of William Berry's 1828 <u>Encyclopædia Heraldica</u>, Plate XXXV ||^   
|-
|^   || [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/Santiago.jpg|130x149px|bottom|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00001364/image_85]]
|-
|a cross of Santiago issuant from a mount between two escallops
|-
|BSB Cod.icon. 308, folio 41r || [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/Calatrava.jpg|150x150px|bottom]]
|-
|Cross of Calatrava
|-
|derived from [[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cross_Calatrava.svg|an image]] by WarX available under a GNU Free Documentation License ||^   
|-
| =====[[#crossletfamily]]crosses crosslet and bottony===== 
|}


There was one registration, in 1973, of a cross bottony blazoned as a cross "'''trefly'''".
A cross crosslet saltirewise (i.e., rotated 45 degrees, so that the members form an "x" instead of a "t") is at least sometimes blazoned as a "Cross of Saint Julian". {|
| [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/crosslet.jpg|121x150px|bottom|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00018706/image_350]]
|-
|Or, a cross crosslet sable.
|-
|BSB Cod.icon. 392 d, folio 141v || [[File:http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/bottony.jpg|124x149px|bottom|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00001755/image_419]]
|-
|Sable, a cross bottony Or.
|-
|BSB Cod.icon. 308 u, folio 209r || '''on charges within the family only:'''
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">"It is important to recall that the cross bottony and the cross crosslet are both used to represent the same charge throughout our period's heraldry. The bottony form is found predominantly in earlier artwork, and the crosslet form predominantly in later artwork." ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2002/08/02-08lar.html#G_ATENVELDT_18 August, 2002 LoAR]]) Consequentially, a cross crosslet is not significantly different from a cross bottony ([http:heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1999/12/lar.html December, 1999 LoAR]]).</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">"Black Stag has shown that, in period, a cross crosslet/bottony [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#fitchy fitchy]] had a bottom limb significantly longer than the other three. Thus these do not need to be blazoned </span>//<span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#Latin Latin]]</span>//<span style="line-height: 1.5;">." ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2007/08/07-08lar.html#43 August, 2007 LoAR]])</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">A cross crossletted only on the upper three arms has no difference from a standard cross crosslet. ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2013/01/13-01lar.html#G_WESWreRich January, 2013 LoAR]])</span>
|}


* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">"The default </span>''<span style="line-height: 1.5;">crusilly</span>//<span style="line-height: 1.5;"> is of crosses crosslet." ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2002/08/02-08lar.html#G_ATLANTIA_4 August, 2002 LoAR]])</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Neither a cross crosslet ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2004/06/04-06lar.html#57 June, 2004 LoAR]]) nor a cross bottony ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1993/12/lar.html December, 1993 LoAR]]) can be [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#voided voided]] or [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#fimbriate fimbriated]].</span>

'''related to charges outside the family:'''
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">A cross crosslet is substantially different from a cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#anchors of four anchors]]([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1990/09/lar.html September, 1990 LoAR]]) and from a [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/SCA.html#Bowen Bowen]] cross ([htt:p//heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2006/10/06-10lar.html#281 October, 2006 LoAR]]).</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">A cross crosslet is significantly different from a [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/SCA.html#Celtic Celtic]] cross ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1998/12/lar.html December, 1998 LoAR]]).</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">A cross crosslet [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#florytreat fleury]] is significantly different from a crux [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/SCA.html#stellata stellata]] ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1996/07/lar.html July, 1996 LoAR]]).</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">A [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#doubledfamily patriarchal]] cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#bottonytreat bottony]] [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#throughout throughout]] is significantly different from a cross bottony and a cross crosslet ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2004/09/04-09lar.html#77 February, 1994 LoAR]]).</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">A cross bottony or crosslet is not significantly different from a cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#swords of four swords conjoined at the points]] ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2004/07/04-07lar.html#301 July, 2004]]). Introducing a little space between the points of four swords in cross, pommels outward, might not be enough to create a significant difference, either, if the overall impression is of a single cross [http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2005/07/05-07lar.html#253 (July, 2005 LoAR]]).</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">A cross bottony is not significantly different from a cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#doublypommeled doubly pommeled]]. ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2010/04/10-04lar.html#294 April, 2010 LoAR]])</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">"No documentation was provided that [a cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/disallowed.html#pateebotonny patee bottony]]], which looks like a cross bottony with added flanges, was a reasonable variant of period crosses." ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/1999/07/lar.html July, 1999 LoAR]])</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">"A [doubled cross crosslet] appears on page 416 of Raneke, </span>''<span style="line-height: 1.5;">Svenska Medeltidsvapen</span>//<span style="line-height: 1.5;">. Another appears in 1548 issuant from a trimount as the arms of Hungary on plate 92 of </span>//<span style="line-height: 1.5;">Vigil Rabers Neustifter Wappenbuch</span>//<span style="line-height: 1.5;">, by Harwick W. Arch. It is therefore registerable and not a step from period practice." ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2010/04/10-04lar.html#339 April, 2010 LoAR]])</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">"There is substantial difference between a cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#glandular glandular]] and a cross of Saint Julian." ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2012/07/12-07lar.html#244 July, 2012 LoAR]])</span> {|
|
|-
| =====[[#molinefamily]]crosses moline, sarcelly, recercelly, anchory, fourchy, fourchetty, and miller===== 
|-
|''Note: "Anchory" is a term sometimes used to describe a cross moline with very curly ends. "Sarcelly" and "recercelly" are alternate terms (the latter, at least, no longer used in the S.C.A.) for a cross moline disjointed.''
|}


A miller cross is sometimes blazoned as a "'''cross mill-rind'''".
The cross fourchetty was not mentioned in the original letter defining cross families, but was added in the [http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2012/03/12-03lar.html#151 March, 2012 LoAR]]. {|
| [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/moline6.jpg|153x149px|bottom|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00020447/image_664]]
|-
|Argent, a cross moline sable.
|-
|BSB Cod. icon. 390, folio 582 || [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/moline1.jpg|131x149px|bottom|link=http://codicon.digitale-sammlungen.de/Blatt_bsb00020245%2C00055.html]]
|-
|Argent, a cross moline sable.
|-
|BSB Cod. icon. 307, folio 65 || '''on charges within the family only:'''
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">"Recercely" is an ambiguous term and should not be used in S.C.A. blazon ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1995/09/lar.html September, 1995 LoAR]]).</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">"A cross moline is too complex to fimbriate." ([http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/A%20cross%20moline%20is%20too%20complex%20to%20fimbriate. July, 1999 LoAR]])</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">"Crosses moline disjointed have unmistakably forked and curled ends." "It should be noted that when charges are put on a cross moline disjointed, they obscure the identifiability of the cross somewhat;. . .Special care should be taken with the artwork to preserve identifiability of all elements of the armory." ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2002/04/02-04lar.html#203 April, 2002 LoAR]])</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">". . .the ends of a cross moline are pointed and deeply curved. . ."; a similar cross with the ends couped flat and only slightly curved should be blazoned "a cross fourchy" ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2004/01/04-01lar.html#161 January, 2004 LoAR]])</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">A cross moline is not significantly different from a cross miller ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1986/04/lar.html April, 1986 LoAR]]).</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">The cross fourchetty is significantly different from a cross moline. ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2012/03/12-03lar.html#151 March, 2012 LoAR]])</span>
|}


'''related to charges outside the family:'''
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">A cross moline disjointed is substantially different from a cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#crescenty crescenty]]([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2005/10/05-10lar.html#121 October, 2005 LoAR]]) and from [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#links two links of chain fretted]] in cross ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2011/08/11-08lar.html#189 August 2011 LoAR]]).</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">A cross moline is substantially different from an [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/SCA.html#ankh ankh]] ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1996/06/lar0618.html June, 1996 LoAR]]).</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">A cross moline is significantly different from a cross [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#pointed pointed]] ([[http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1990/08/lar.html August, 1990 LoAR]]), a cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#floryfamily patonce]] ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2003/10/03-10lar.html#22 November, 1992 LoAR]]), a cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#threecrossbars couped of three crossbars missing the dexter base arm]] ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2001/05/01-05lar.html#71 May, 2001 LoAR]]), and a cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#swallowtail swallowtailed]] ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2010/05/10-05lar.html#35 May, 2010 LoAR]]).</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">A cross moline is not significantly different from a cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#doublypommeled doubly pommeled]][http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#elongated elongated]] palewise ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1997/02/lar.html February, 1997 LoAR]]).</span>

''There is registered one piece of armory containing"[[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#millrind|two millrinds in cross]]" in which the arrangement is virtually indistinguishable from a cross moline [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#nowy nowy quadrate]] [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#pierce square-pierced]].'' {|
|
|-
|^   || [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/moline2.jpg|134x150px|bottom|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00020447/image_829]]
|-
|Argent, a cross moline sable.
|-
|BSB Cod. icon. 390, folio 747 || [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/moline4.jpg|135x150px|bottom|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00018706/image_366]]
|-
|Argent, a cross moline sable.
|-
|BSB Cod. icon 392 d, folio 149 ||^   
|-
|^   || [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/molinedisjointed.jpg|143x149px|top|link=http://www.archive.org/stream/collectionofhera00eden#page/n100/mode/1up]]
|-
|Azure, an orle of crosses bottony, overall a cross moline disjointed gules.
|-
|from a photo of 16th-century stained glass on Plate 20 of F. Sydney Eden's 1927 <u>The Collection of Heraldic Stained Glass at Ronaele Manor</u> || [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/fourchetty.jpg|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00020447/image_582]]
|}


Argent, a cross fourchetty sable.
BSB Cod. icon. 390, folio 500 {|
|^   
|-
|^   || [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/fourchy.jpg|162x150px|bottom|link=http://www.archive.org/stream/encyclopaediaher03berr#page/n94/mode/1up]]
|-
|cross fourchy
|-
|Volume III of William Berry's 1828 <u>Encyclopædia Heraldica</u>, Plate XXXIII || [[File:http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/miller.jpg|159x149px|bottom]]
|-
|miller cross
|-
|Volume III of William Berry's 1828 <u>Encyclopædia Heraldica</u>, Plate XXXIII ||^   
|-
| =====[[#formyfamily]]crosses formy / paty===== 
|-
|''Note: "Paty" is used here in the usual S.C.A. sense, as an alternative (now disallowed but used in some older blazons) to the term "formy". It does not refer to anything in the moline family.// |||| [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/formy.jpg|141x150px|center|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00007681/image_384]]
|}


Azure, a cross formy Or.
BSB Cod.icon. 391, folio 191v {|
| '''on charges within the family only:'''
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Because it is an ambiguous term, the use of "paty" in S.C.A. armory has been abandoned (cover letter to the August, 1986 LoAR, as quoted in the[[http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/precedents/baldwin.html#C|Precedents]] of the S.C.A. College of Arms for the tenure of Baldwin of Erebor).</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">". . .[A] cross formy should have the arms splaying outwards from the center, not just at the very end." ([[http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2012/07/12-07lar.html#25|July, 2012 LoAR]])</span>
|}


* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">A cross formy [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#nowy nowy quadrate]] is simple enough to [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#fimbriate fimbriate]] ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2004/07/04-07lar.html#80 July, 2004 LoAR]]), but a cross formy [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#fitchyfoot fitched at the foot]] is not ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2009/11/09-11lar.html#170 November, 2009 LoAR]]).</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">A cross formy [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#throughout throughout]] is significantly different from a cross formy ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1997/05/lar.html May, 1997 LoAR]]) and from an ordinary cross ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2003/11/03-11lar.html#31 November, 2003 LoAR]]).</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">"There is no difference between a cross formy and a [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#Latin Latin]] cross formy." ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2002/10/02-10lar.html#91 October, 2002 LoAR]])</span>
* <span style="font-size: 1.066em; line-height: 1.5;">related to charges outside the family:</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">"No documentation was provided that [a cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/disallowed.html#pateebotonny patee bottony]]], which looks like a cross bottony with added flanges, was a reasonable variant of period crosses." ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/1999/07/lar.html July, 1999 LoAR]])</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">"The cross formy [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#floritty floretty]] may be found in period armory. . ." ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2003/12/03-12lar.html#180 December, 2003 LoAR]])</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">A cross formy is significantly different from a [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/SCA.html#Canterbury Canterbury]] cross ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1994/10/lar.html October, 1994 LoAR]]), a cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/SCA.html#barby barby]] ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2002/09/02-09lar.html#G_ATLANTIA_24 September, 2002 LoAR]]), a cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#swallowtail swallowtailed]]([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1999/07/lar.html July, 1999 LoAR]]), a [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/SCA.html#Bowen Bowen]] cross ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1995/05/lar.html May, 1995 LoAR]]), and a cross [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#complexlines bretessed]]([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2003/01/03-01lar.html#G_AN_TIR_11 January, 2003 LoAR]]).</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">A cross formy [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#throughout throughout]] is significantly different from an ordinary cross ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2003/11/03-11lar.html#31 November, 2003 LoAR]]).</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">A [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#Latin Latin]] cross formy is significantly different from a [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/SCA.html#Celtic|Celtic]] cross ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2001/12/01-12lar.html#202 December, 2001 LoAR]]).</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">A cross formy [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#nowy quadrate]] is substantially different from a cross [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/SCA.html#barby barby]]([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2007/09/07-09lar.html#122 September, 2007 LoAR]]).</span>
* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">There's no significant difference between a cross patty [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#fitchy fitchy]] and a cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/disallowed.html#aliseeformy patty convex]] [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#fitchy fitchy]]. ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/1985/07/lar.html July, 1985 LoAR]])</span> {|
|
|-
| =====[[#doubledfamily]]crosses doubled, patriarchal, and Lorraine===== 
|}


In December of 1991 a "'''Lithuanian cross'''" was registered. In the [http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2009/05/09-05lar.html#156 May, 2009 LoAR]], it was described as "a cross couped that has two horizontal crossbars of equal length each equally distant from the ends of the vertical bar," and reblazoned "a double cross". {|
| [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/double.jpg|127x150px|center|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00001350/image_136]]
|}


Sable, a doubled cross argent.
BSB Cod.icon. 265, folio 65v {|
| [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/Lorraine.jpg|120x133px|bottom|link=http//daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00001350/image_128]]
|-
|Argent, a cross Lorraine sable.
|-
|BSB Cod.icon. 265, folio 62v || '''on charges within the family only:'''
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">"Crosses patriarchal may not be fimbriated. . .." ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2010/07/10-07lar.html#35 July, 2010 LoAR]])</span>
|-
|* <span style="font-size: 1.066em; line-height: 1.5;">related to charges outside the family:</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">A patriarchal cross is substantially different from an ordinary cross ([[http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2000/02/00-02lar.html#63|February, 2000 LoAR]]).</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">A </span>''<span style="line-height: 1.5;">[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#taufamily tau]]</span>//<span style="line-height: 1.5;"> cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#doublecrossed double-crossed]] [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#potfoot potent at the foot]] is significantly different from a double cross ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1991/02/lar.html February, 1991 LoAR]]).</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">A cross Lorraine is significantly different from a [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#RussianOrthodox Russian Orthodox]] cross ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2004/12/04-12lar.html#1 December, 2004 LoAR]]).</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">A patriarchal cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#bottonytreat bottony]] [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#throughout throughout]] is significantly different from a cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#crossletfamily bottony]] and a cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#crossletfamily crosslet]] ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2004/09/04-09lar.html#77 February, 1994 LoAR]]).</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">"A [doubled cross crosslet] appears on page 416 of Raneke, </span>''<span style="line-height: 1.5;">Svenska Medeltidsvapen</span>//<span style="line-height: 1.5;">. Another appears in 1548 issuant from a trimount as the arms of Hungary on plate 92 of </span>//<span style="line-height: 1.5;">Vigil Rabers Neustifter Wappenbuch</span>//<span style="line-height: 1.5;">, by Harwick W. Arch. It is therefore registerable and not a step from period practice." ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2010/04/10-04lar.html#339 April, 2010 LoAR]])</span> 
|-
|^   || [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/patriarchal.jpg|125x149px|center|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00007681/image_335]]
|}


Per pale sable, an eagle dimidiated of the line of division Or, and gules, a patriarchal cross formy argent.
BSB Cod.icon. 391, folio 167r {|
|   ||^   
|-
| =====[[#potentfamily]]the cross potent / billety===== 
|-
|''Note: "Billety" is, in this case, nothing more than an alternative way of saying "potent".// |||| [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/potent.jpg|120x149px|center|link=http:'//daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00001647/image_49]]
|}


Gules, a cross potent ermine.
BSB Cod.icon. 291, folio 23r {|
| '''on charges within the family only:'''
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">A cross potent is too complex to [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#fimbriate fimbriate]] ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1995/12/lar.html December, 1995 LoAR]]).</span>
|-
|* <span style="font-size: 1.066em; line-height: 1.5;">related to charges outside the family:</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">"In the SCA, a Cross of [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#Jerusalem Jerusalem]] is a cross potent between four crosses [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#coupedfamily couped]]." ([http//heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1982/05/82-05lar.htm May, 1982 LoAR]])</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">A cross potent is significantly different from a cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#anchors of four anchors]]([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1990/09/lar.html September, 1990 LoAR]]).</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">A cross potent [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#nowy quadrate]] is significantly different from a [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/SCA.html#Canterbury Canterbury]] cross ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1994/10/lar.html October, 1994 LoAR]]).</span> 
|-
| =====[[#taufamily]]the ''tau'' cross===== 
|}


There have been a few registrations in which a tau cross was blazoned a "'''Cross of St. Anthony'''" or a "'''Cross of St. Antony'''" {|
| [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/tau.jpg|168x150px|center|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00018706/image_349]]
|}


Azure, a ''tau'' cross Or.
BSB Cod.icon. 392 d, folio 141r {|
| [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/tauthroughout.jpg|150x150px|bottom|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00020245/image_132]]
|-
|Quarterly azure, a straight ''tau'' cross throughout, and Or, a dog sejant erect sable perched on a mount gules.
|-
|BSB Cod.icon. 307, page 142 || '''on charges within the family only:'''
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">"A straight tau cross looks like a capital T. A normal tau cross has [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#formytreat formy]]arms." ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1982/03/82-03lar.htm March, 1982 LoAR]])</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">If a tau cross were [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#throughout throughout]], ". . .the limbs would reach the edges of the shield, but the crossbar would not become the 'chief.'" ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/1986/05/lar.html May, 1986 LoAR]])</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">A </span>''<span style="line-height: 1.5;">tau</span>//<span style="line-height: 1.5;"> cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#swallowtailtreat swallowtailed]] is unusual, but "has been formed on the model of the [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#Maltesefamily Maltese]] cross" and is therefore acceptable for use in Society armory ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1989/05/lar.html May, 1989 LoAR]]).</span>
|-
|* <span style="font-size: 1.066em; line-height: 1.5;">related to charges outside the family:</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">A </span>''<span style="line-height: 1.5;">tau</span>//<span style="line-height: 1.5;"> cross is substantialy different from an ordinary cross ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2002/11/02-11lar.html#92 November, 2002 LoAR]]).</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">A </span>''<span style="line-height: 1.5;">tau</span>//<span style="line-height: 1.5;"> cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#doublecrossed double-crossed]] [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#potfoot potent at the foot]] is significantly different from a [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#doublecrossed double cross]] ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1991/02/lar.html|February, 1991 LoAR]]).</span> 
|-
| =====[[#Calvaryfamily]]the Cross of Calvary===== 
|}


There is one registration from 1979 in which a cross mounted on steps is blazoned "'''grady'''" instead of "of Calvary". {|
| [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/Calvary.jpg|131x149px|center|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00007681/image_343]]
|}


Gules, an equal-armed Cross of Calvary argent.
BSB Cod.icon. 391, folio 171r {|
| '''on charges within the family only:'''
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">". . .a cross of Calvary would have the cross larger than the steps. . ." ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2006/12/06-12lar.html#4 December, 2006 LoAR]])</span>
|-
|* <span style="font-size: 1.066em; line-height: 1.5;">related to charges outside the family:</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">A Cross of Calvary is significantly different from a [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/SCA.html#Celtic|Celtic]] cross. ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2008/10/08-10lar.html#10 October, 2008 LoAR]])</span> 
|-
| =====[[#Toulousefamily]]the Cross of Toulouse===== |||| [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/Toulouse.jpg|116x149px|center|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00001430/image_191]]
|}


Per pale Or and gules, a Cross of Toulouse counterchanged.
BSB Cod.icon. 270, folio 91r {|
| '''on charges within the family only:'''
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">"A cross of Toulouse, which is a period charge, is effectively a cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#floryfamily clechy]][http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#pometty pometty on the points]] and is [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#voided voided]] by definition." ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2007/12/07-12lar.html#47 December, 2007 LoAR]])</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">"[T]he '[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#voided voiding]]' of the cross of Toulouse is a part of its definition and is not the addition of a tertiary charge." ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1995/08/lar.html August, 1995 LoAR]])</span> 
|-
| =====[[#gringolyfamily]]the cross gringoly===== 
|}


''Note: This spelling is given in the [http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2009/05/09-05cl.html cover letter]] defining cross families, but all the registered examples are blazoned "cross gringolé" in the[ [http://oanda.sca.org/ online O&A]].// {|
| [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/gringoly.jpg|143x150px|center|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00018706/image_267]]
|}


Or, a cross gringoly sable.
BSB Cod.icon. 392 d, folio 100r {|
| "we would not register ''a cross/saltire gringolé [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#voided|voided]]// (with the voiding being gringolé as well)" ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2004/12/04-12lar.html#214 December, 2004 LoAR]]) 
|-
| =====[[#pomellyfamily]]the cross pomelly / bourdonny===== 
|-
|''Note: These are alternate terms for the same sort of cross--"pomelly" after the pomels of swords, "bourdonny" after the heads of//bourdons //(pilgrims' staves).''
|}


In some instances, the College of Arms has also blazoned such crosses "'''pommy'''" and "'''pometty'''". {|
| [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/pomelly.jpg|130x149px|center|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00007681/image_54]]
|}


Gules, a cross pomelly Or, overall an escutcheon sable charged with an eagle argent.
BSB Cod.icon. 391, folio 26v {|
| '''on charges within the family only:'''
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">A small cross pometty on a tower may be nothing more than a standard arrow slit, in which case it doesn't count as a tertiary charge but is treated as part of the tower's internal detailing (as would be a window or portal). ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2007/01/07-01lar.html#15 January, 2007 LoAR]]) Further, "artistic details are allowed to have poor contrast," ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2009/11/09-11lar.html#97 November, 2009 LoAR]]).</span> 
|-
| =====[[#Maltesefamily]]the Maltese cross===== |||| [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/Maltese.jpg|144x149px|center]]
|}


Gules, a Maltese cross argent.
detail from [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Battistero_3.jpg a photo]] that has been released into the public domain//Note: The pictured cross appears above the entrance to the former church of [http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiesa_di_San_Pietro_in_Consavia San Pietro in Consavia]], in Asti, Italy. Various portions of the compound were constructed between the 12th and 15th centuries. I'm not sure when the cross was applied, including whether it was done any time before 1600.'' {|
| '''on charges within the family only:'''
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">"Properly drawn, a Maltese cross should have four deeply notched arms, converging to a central point (or very nearly); and each arm should take up an angle as wide as the space </span>''<span style="line-height: 1.5;">between</span>//<span style="line-height: 1.5;"> the arms." ([[http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2007/05/07-05cl.html|cover letter]] for the May, 2007 LoAR) "Maltese crosses should also have arms of equal length." ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2008/08/08-08lar.html#84 August, 2008 LoAR]])</span>
|-
|* <span style="font-size: 1.066em; line-height: 1.5;">related to charges outside the family:</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">A Maltese cross is substantially different from a [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#Latin Latin]] cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#throughout throughout]]([http//heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2006/09/06-09lar.html#368 September, 2006 LoAR]]).</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">A Maltese cross is significantly different from a cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#lozenges of four lozenges]] ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1996/04/lar.html April, 1996 LoAR]]).</span> 
|}


====Period Crosses Not Part of Any Conflict-Checking Family==== 
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;">Crosses that don't fall into one of the families must be compared for conflict on an individual basis. This includes a large number of crosses that were used in period heraldry, as well as all other crosses used in S.C.A. heraldry.</span>
{|
|''' type of cross '''||||''' example emblazon '''||''' rulings and precedents '''
|-
| =====[[#avellane]]cross avellane===== |||| [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/avellane.jpg|161x149px|center|link=http://www.archive.org/stream/encyclopaediaher03berr#page/n94/mode/1up]]
|}


cross avellane
Volume III of William Berry's 1828 <u>Encyclopædia Heraldica</u>, Plate XXXIII {|
| There is a significant difference between a cross avellane and a cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#floryfamily patonce]], "since the cross avellane is a period charge, described in Gullim's //A Display of Heraldry//." ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2009/09/09-09lar.html#111 September, 2009 LoAR]])
|-
|A cross avellane is not significantly different from a cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#erminespots of four ermine spots]] ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2008/08/08-08lar.html#242 August, 2008 LoAR]]).
|}


There has been one registration of a cross avellane [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#dismembered|dismembered]]. The emblazon shows a cross avellane in which the cener roundel is not conjoined to the tails serving as the arms of the cross. {|
|
|-
| =====[[#threecrossbars]]cross couped of three crossbars, missing the dexter base arm===== |||| [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/threebars.jpg|147x150px|center|link=http://www.archive.org/stream/herbyrycerstwap01paprgoog#page/n392/mode/1up]]
|}


a cross couped of three crossbars, missing the dexter base arm
Kazimierz Józef Turowski's 1858 edition of Bartosz Paprocki's 1584 <u>Herby Rycerstwa Polskiego</u>, page 380 {|
| "This cross is a period charge, found in a collection of Polish armory, Herby Rycerstwa Polskiego, 1584, [Paprockiego, 1858]." ([[http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1997/02/lar.html|February, 1997 LoAR]])
|-
|A cross couped of three crossbars missing the dexter base arm is significantly different from a cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#molinefamily moline]] ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2001/05/01-05lar.html#71 May, 2001 LoAR]]). 
|-
| =====[[#crescenty]]cross crescenty===== || [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/crescenty1.jpg|144x149px|center|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00018706/image_365]]
|}


Or, a cross crescenty sable.
BSB Cod.icon. 392 d, folio 149r {|
| [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/crescenty2.jpg|121x149px|bottom|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00020245/image_128]]
|-
|issuant from the top of a cross argent crescenty Or a topknot sable
|-
|BSB Cod.icon. 307, folio 138 || "A cross crescenty has each arm ending in a crescent with its horns pointing outwards." ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2003/01/03-01lar.html#G_CALONTIR_14 January, 2003 LoAR]])
|-
|"While a cross crescenty is not, to the best of our knowledge, a period cross, it follows the pattern of period crosses, and is, therefore, registerable." ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1998/11/lar.html November, 1998 LoAR]])
|}


''I've included crosses crescenty in the "period crosses" list because of the emblazon and crest at left, which look like crosses crescenty to me and are from period armorials. It has been over a decade since the sovereigns of arms commented that they had no evidence of them; I assume these images simply weren't available to them at the time.'' {|
|
|-
| =====[[#doublypommeled]]cross doubly pommeled===== |||| [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/doublypommeled.jpg|113x150px|center|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00001430/image_339]]
|}


Vert, a cross doubly pommeled throughout gules.
BSB Cod.icon. 270, folio165r {|
| A cross doubly pommeled [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#elongated elongated]] palewise is not significantly different from a cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#molinefamily moline]]([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1997/02/lar.html February, 1997 LoAR]]).
|-
|A cross doubly pommeled is not significantly different from a cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#crossletfamily bottony]]. ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2010/04/10-04lar.html#294 April, 2010 LoAR]])
|}


''Note: This cross has a lot in common with a cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#pomellyfamily pomelly]].'' {|
|
|-
| =====[[#fillet]]fillet cross===== |||| [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/fillet.jpg|137x150px|center|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00007681/image_26]]
|}


Gules, a cross argent.
BSB Cod.icon. 391, folio 12v {|
| This term was used in the very early days of the S.C.A. to describe a skinny ordinary cross. It has since been abandoned. A fillet cross is considered to be a diminutive ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/1990/06/lar0731.html June, 1990 LoAR dated July 31st]]), and in the S.C.A. "the diminutive names of ordinaries are used only when there is more than one of the ordinary in question (or when the ordinary is otherwise reduced in importance, as in a 'bar enhanced')," ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/1985/09/lar.html September, 1985]]). Now any acceptable ordinary cross, regardless of its thickness, is just blazoned, "a cross". Care must be taken when drawing an ordinary cross to ensure it's not //too// skinny, however, or it will run afoul of the injunction against "thin line heraldry" issued in the [[http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/1982/04/82-04lar.htm|April, 1982 LoAR]]. ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/1987/12/lar.html December, 1987 LoAR]]) 
|-
| =====[[#erminespots]]cross of four ermine spots===== 
|}


There was one registration (in 1973) in which such a cross was blazoned as a "cross erminee"; it appears in the O&A as a "'''cross erminy'''". {|
| [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/4ermine.jpg|159x149px|center|link=http://www.archive.org/stream/encyclopaediaher03berr#page/n92/mode/1up]]
|}


cross of four ermine spots
Volume III of William Berry's 1828 <u>Encyclopædia Heraldica</u>, Plate XXXIII {|
| "As a cross of ermine spots is a non-standard cross, it may be too difficult to depict it in an identifiable fashion as a tertiary charge." ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2013/07/13-07lar.html#304 July, 2013 LoAR]])
|}


"Crosses of ermine spots are drawn with the tops of the ermine spots conjoined in the center, rather than the bases of the ermine spots conjoined in the center.. . .(In many renditions of ermine spots, the three roundels, or voided billet, at the top of the spot represent a stylized clasp, as would have been used to hold an ermine tail or skin to an underlying garment or less expensive fur.)" ([[http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2001/09/01-09lar.htm#29|September, 2001 LoAR]])
A cross of four ermine spots is not significantly different from a cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#avellane avellane]] ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2008/08/08-08lar.html#242 August, 2008 LoAR]]).
A cross of four ermine spots is significantly different from a cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#floryfamily fleury]], because "Both crosses fleury and crosses of ermine spots were considered to be separate in period and were drawn so that they could be visually distinguished from each other." ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2002/12/02-12lar.html#109 December, 2002 LoAR]]).
A cross of four ermine spots is substantially different from a Cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#floryfamily Calatrava]] ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2011/03/11-03lar.html#213 March, 2011 LoAR]]) {|
|
|-
| =====[[#Jerusalem]]Cross of Jerusalem===== |||| [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/Jerusalem.jpg|134x149px|center|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00007681/image_21]]
|}


Gules, a Cross of Jerusalem Or.
BSB Cod.icon. 391, folio 10r {|
| "In the SCA, a Cross of Jerusalem is a cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#potentfamily potent]] between four crosses [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#coupedfamily couped]]." ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1982/05/82-05lar.htm May, 1982 LoAR]]) "The cross of Jerusalem may be drawn with the plain crosslets inside or outside the cross potent, but they should not touch its arms." ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1977/08/lar0811.html August, 1977 LoAR]])
|-
|"The Cross of Jerusalem is a defined single charge, though it consists of discrete elements in the same way that an ermine spot does." ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1996/07/lar.html July, 1996 LoAR]])
|-
|". . .[T]here is no problem having a cross of Jerusalem on a fieldless badge, even though portions of this defined single charge are not conjoined." ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2003/04/03-04lar.html#45 April, 2003 LoAR]])
|-
|A Cross of Jerusalem cannot be [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#fimbriate fimbriated]]; a cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#potentfamily potent]] is too complex to fimbriate, and fimbriating all five constituent crosses would in any event be excessive ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1995/12/lar.html December, 1995 LoAR]]).
|-
|The use of a Cross of Jerusalem with a cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#crossletfamily crosslet]] at its center (instead of a cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#potentfamily potent]]) is one step from period practice ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2003/05/03-05lar.html#120 May, 2003 LoAR]]). 
|-
| =====[[#key]]key cross===== |||| [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/key.jpg|116x149px|center|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00001425/image_39]]
|}


Argent, a key cross azure.
BSB Cod.icon. 278, folio 16r {|
| "A key cross is a period charge found in the arms of Pisa. It is defined as a ''cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#floryfamily clechy]] [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#pometty pommety]] at the points//." ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2006/01/06-01lar.html#1 January, 2006 LoAR]])
|-
|A key cross is not simple enough to [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#voided void]] or [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#fimbriate fimbriate]] ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1993/11/lar.html November, 1993 LoAR]]). However, "A cross of [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#Toulousefamily Toulouse]], which is a period charge, is effectively a cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#floryfamily clechy]] [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#pometty pometty]] on the points and is voided by definition." ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2007/12/07-12lar.html#47 December, 2007 LoAR]]) 
|-
| =====[[#lozenged]]cross lozenged===== |||| [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/lozenged.jpg|130x149px|bottom|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00001427/image_281]]
|-
|Azure, a cross lozenged Or.
|-
|BSB Cod.icon. 280, folio 137r || ''Note: This cross has a lot in common with a cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#floryfamily clechy]], and with [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#key key]] crosses and Crosses of  [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#Toulousefamily Toulouse]], which are variants of crosses clechy.'' 
|-
| =====[[#glandular]]cross glandular===== 
|}


"A cross glandular has three acorns issuant from the end of each arm." ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2012/01/12-01lar.html January, 2012 LoAR]]) {|
|= [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/glandular.jpg]]
|}


Argent, a cross glandular gules fructed proper.

[[http://digitarq.arquivos.pt/viewer?id=4162407|<span style="font-size: 80%;">Armário 15 da Casa da Coroa</span>]]<span style="font-size: 80%;">, folio 37r</span> {|
| "There is substantial difference between a cross glandular and a cross of [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#crossletfamily Saint Julian]]." ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2012/07/12-07lar.html#244 July, 2012 LoAR]]) 
|-
| Norse sun cross || [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/Norse2.jpg|130x149px|bottom|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00007681/image_53]]
|-
|Gules, a cross between four Norse sun crosses Or.
|-
|BSB Cod.icon. 391, folio 26r || [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/Norse3.jpg|133x150px|bottom|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00020447/image_731]]
|-
|Gules, on a bend argent three Norse sun crosses sable.
|-
|BSB Cod.icon. 390, folio 649 || "Norse sun crosses are allowed, if not encouraged, because by their alternate blazon, ''a cross within and conjoined to an annulet//, they fit a pattern of combined charges that we have registered for many years, and are at most one step from period practice." ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2001/03/01-03lar.html#44 March, 2001 LoAR]])
|-
|"The Norse sun cross is also the symbol for Earth, and by precedent symbols cannot be registered as the sole charge." ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2000/09/00-09lar.html#240 September, 2000 LoAR]]) However, "If blazoned as //a cross within and conjoined to an annulet// instead of a //Norse sun cross//, this would obviously not be a single abstract charge. Therefore it is registerable even as the only charge (or charge combination) on the armory." ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2007/10/07-10lar.html#116 October, 2007 LoAR]])
|}


''I've included the Norse sun cross in the "period crosses" list because of the emblazons at left, which include the charge blazoned in the S.C.A. as a "Norse sun cross" and are from period armorials. I assume these emblazons simply hadn't been seen by the sovereigns at arms when they ruled that it's not a period charge.'' {|
|
|-
|^   || [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/Norse1.jpg|117x149px|bottom|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00001421/image_277]]
|-
|Azure, a bend bretessed Or between two Norse sun crosses argent and on a chief Or an eagle sable.
|-
|BSB Cod.icon. 274, folio 134r || [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/Norse4.jpg|124x149px|bottom|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00020245/image_91]]
|-
|Quarterly gules, on a Norse sun cross argent in cross five torteaus, and argent, in saltire two spears gules each flying a pennant per fess argent and gules.
|-
|BSB Cod.icon. 307, page 101 ||^   
|-
| =====[[#pointed]]cross pointed===== |||| [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/pointed.jpg|132x149px|center|link=http://codicon.digitale-sammlungen.de/Blatt_bsb00002481%2C00067.html]]
|}


Argent, a cross pointed sable.
BSB Cod.icon. 333, folio 30r {|
| A cross pointed is significantly different from a cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#molinefamily moline]] ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1990/08/lar.html August, 1990 LoAR]]). 
|-
| =====[[#portate]]cross portate===== || [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/portate1.jpg|129x150px|center|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00020245/image_105]]
|}


Quarterly gules, a cross portate argent, and gules, a cross argent.
BSB Cod.icon. 307, page 115 {|
| [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/portate2.jpg|115x150px|center|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00001421/image_491]]
|}


Azure, a cross portate reversed between three mullets of eight points Or and on a chief azure three fleurs-de-lys Or and a label of four points gules.
BSB Cod.icon. 274, folio 240r {|
| "Whether or not the cross portate is period, it clearly does not take well to having charges placed around it." ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/1984/10/lar.html October, 1984 LoAR]])
|}


''Note: This cross has a great deal in common with a straight [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#taufamily tau]] cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/modifications.html#throughout throughout]] bendwise, and as the crests accompanying the quartered field presented at left are a straight tau cross and a cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#coupedfamily couped]], I think it's possible that's how it originated.'' {|
|
|-
| =====[[#RussianOrthodox]]Russian Orthodox cross===== 
|}


There has also been one registration in which a cross like this was blazoned a "'''Greek Orthodox cross'''". {|
| [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/Russian.jpg|160x149px|center]] || "At this point we are declaring that the orientation of the lowermost cross bar [on a Russian Orthodox cross] is an unblazoned detail worth no difference. In other words, it doesn't matter if it is bendwise or bendwise sinister." ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2007/05/07-05lar.html#68 May, 2007 LoAR]])
|-
|A Russian Orthodox cross is substantially different from a cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/ofcharges.html#lozenges of lozenges]] ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2009/04/09-04lar.html#182 April, 2009 LoAR]]).
|-
|A Russian Orthodox cross is significantly different from a cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#doubledfamily Lorraine]] ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2004/12/04-12lar.html#1 December, 2004 LoAR]]). 
|-
| =====[[#swallowtail]]cross swallowtailed===== 
|-
|The term "'''double-fitched'''" was used to blazon such a cross once early in the Society's history. It was later re-blazoned a "cross swallowtailed". |||| [[http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/swallowtail.jpg|158x150px|center|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00018706/image_399]]
|}


Gules, on a cross swallowtailed Or two annulets interlaced argent.
BSB Cod.icon. 392 d, folio 166r {|
| A cross swallowtailed is significantly different from a cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#floryfamily patonce]], a cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#floryfamily fleury]] ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1993/03/lar.html March, 1993 LoAR]]), a cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#formyfamily formy]] ([http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1999/07/lar.html July, 1999 LoAR]]), and a cross [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Crosses/period.html#molinefamily moline]] ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2010/05/10-05lar.html#35 May, 2010 LoAR]])..
|-
|"While there are period examples of the term ''cross double-fitched// or //double-fitchy//, they don't match [what we call 'a cross swallowtailed']." ([http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2007/10/07-10lar.html#277 October, 2007 LoAR]]) 
|-
|----
|-
|<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;">This page was written and is maintained by [[mailto:CoblaithM@gmail.com|Coblaith Muimnech]], who created and owns the copyright to all portions not attributed to others. You may print or electronically copy it for your own use or to pass on to others, provided you do not seek to profit from its distribution.</span>
|-
|<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;">Click to visit Coblaith's [http://coblaith.net/ homepage]] or the index to her [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/ heraldry articles]].</span>
|-
|----
|-
|You can see most of the illustrations above in their original contexts by clicking on them or on text in the notes below them. The cited manuscripts are as follows:
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">BSB Cod.icon. 265: a Flemish chorography made in the Netherlands in 1562, now in the collection of the Bavarian State Library</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">BSB Cod.icon. 267: a book of arms of Roman pontifs and cardinals made in Italy in the 16th century, now in the collection of the Bavarian State Library</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">BSB Cod.icon. 270: a book of arms of northern Italian cities and Milanese nobility made in Italy in the 16th century, now in the collection of the Bavarian State Library</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">BSB Cod.icon. 274: a book of Venetian, Mantuan, Bolognese, Anconian, Urbinoan, and Perugian arms made in Italy in the 16th century, now in the collection of the Bavarian State Library</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">BSB Cod.icon. 278: a book of Luccan, Sienese, Pisan, Pistoian, Volterran, Arezzan, Cortonese, and Sansepolcran arms made in Italy in the 16th century, now in the collection of the Bavarian State Library</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">BSB Cod.icon. 280: a book of arms of the French knights of the order of St. Michael made in Italy in the 16th century, now in the collection of the Bavarian State Library</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">BSB Cod. icon. 290: a book of arms of the counts, vicounts, etc. of Cataluna, Castille, and Portugal made in Spain in the15th-16th century, now in the collection of the Bavarian State Library</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">BSB Cod.icon. 291: a book of English arms made in England in the middle of the 16th century, now in the collection of the Bavarian State Library</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">BSB Cod.icon. 307: a collection of arms from various (predominantly German) lands made in Germany around 1600, now in the collection of the Bavarian State Library</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">BSB Cod.icon. 308: an armorial made by Nikolaus Bertschi in Augsburg between 1515 and 1650, now in the collection of the Bavarian State Library</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">BSB Cod.icon. 308 u: the Ortenburg armorial, made in Bavaria between 1466 and 1473 and now in the collection of the Bavarian State Library</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">BSB Cod.icon. 333: a large armorial containing arms of Holy Roman Emperors, European noble houses, popes, cardinals, bishops, and abbots, up to the time of Emperor Rudolf II and Pope Gregory XIII, made in southern Germany in 1583 and now in the collection of the Bavarian State Library</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">BSB Cod.icon. 390: an armorial of the Holy Roman Empire made by Stephen Brechtel in Nürnberg between 1554 and 1568, now in the collection of the Bavarian State Library</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">BSB Cod.icon. 391: various armorials collected in a single volume in southern Germany (possibly Augsburg) around 1530, now in the collection of the Bavarian State Library</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">BSB Cod. icon. 392 d: an armorial made in southern Germany in the first half of the 16th century, now in the collection of the Bavarian State Library</span>
|-
|* <span style="line-height: 1.5;">Casa Real, Cartório da Nobreza, liv. 20: an armorial made in Portugal in the early 16th century by António Godinho (Folio 37r is image m0079.)</span>
|}


----
----

=Ordinary= 
''(includes crusily, crux ansata, mound, orb, potent, rogacina)''
* Cross - Arrangement in - see [[http://oanda.sca.org/ordinary/A.html#arrangementincross Arrangement - In cross]]
* [http://oanda.sca.org/oanda_desc.cgi?p=CRAC%3aargent%3asole%20primary Cross - As charge - Sole primary - Argent]] (includes crusily)
* [http://oanda.sca.org/oanda_desc.cgi?p=CRAC%3aazure%3asole%20primary Cross - As charge - Sole primary - Azure]]
* [http://oanda.sca.org/oanda_desc.cgi?p=CRAC%3afur%3asole%20primary Cross - As charge - Sole primary - Fur]]
* [http://oanda.sca.org/oanda_desc.cgi?p=CRAC%3agules%3asole%20primary Cross - As charge - Sole primary - Gules]]
* [http://oanda.sca.org/oanda_desc.cgi?p=CRAC%3amulticolor%3asole%20primary Cross - As charge - Sole primary - Multicolor]]
* [http://oanda.sca.org/oanda_desc.cgi?p=CRAC%3aor%3asole%20primary Cross - As charge - Sole primary - Or]]
* [http://oanda.sca.org/oanda_desc.cgi?p=CRAC%3apurpure%3asole%20primary Cross - As charge - Sole primary - Purpure]]
* [http://oanda.sca.org/oanda_desc.cgi?p=CRAC%3asable%3asole%20primary Cross - As charge - Sole primary - Sable]]
* [http://oanda.sca.org/oanda_desc.cgi?p=CRAC%3avert%3asole%20primary Cross - As charge - Sole primary - Vert]]
* [http://oanda.sca.org/oanda_desc.cgi?p=CRAC%3aargent%3agroup%20primary Cross - As charge - Group primary - Argent]]
* [http://oanda.sca.org/oanda_desc.cgi?p=CRAC%3aazure%3agroup%20primary Cross - As charge - Group primary - Azure]]
* [http://oanda.sca.org/oanda_desc.cgi?p=CRAC%3afur%3agroup%20primary Cross - As charge - Group primary - Fur]]
* [http://oanda.sca.org/oanda_desc.cgi?p=CRAC%3agules%3agroup%20primary Cross - As charge - Group primary - Gules]]
* [http://oanda.sca.org/oanda_desc.cgi?p=CRAC%3amulticolor%3agroup%20primary Cross - As charge - Group primary - Multicolor]]
* [http://oanda.sca.org/oanda_desc.cgi?p=CRAC%3aor%3agroup%20primary Cross - As charge - Group primary - Or]]
* [http://oanda.sca.org/oanda_desc.cgi?p=CRAC%3apurpure%3agroup%20primary Cross - As charge - Group primary - Purpure]]
* [http://oanda.sca.org/oanda_desc.cgi?p=CRAC%3asable%3agroup%20primary Cross - As charge - Group primary - Sable]]
* [http://oanda.sca.org/oanda_desc.cgi?p=CRAC%3avert%3agroup%20primary Cross - As charge - Group primary - Vert]]
* [http://oanda.sca.org/oanda_desc.cgi?p=CRAC%3aargent%3asecondary Cross - As charge - Secondary - Argent]]
* [http://oanda.sca.org/oanda_desc.cgi?p=CRAC%3aazure%3asecondary Cross - As charge - Secondary - Azure]]
* [http://oanda.sca.org/oanda_desc.cgi?p=CRAC%3afur%3asecondary Cross - As charge - Secondary - Fur]]
* [http://oanda.sca.org/oanda_desc.cgi?p=CRAC%3agules%3asecondary Cross - As charge - Secondary - Gules]]
* [http://oanda.sca.org/oanda_desc.cgi?p=CRAC%3amulticolor%3asecondary Cross - As charge - Secondary - Multicolor]]
* [http://oanda.sca.org/oanda_desc.cgi?p=CRAC%3aor%3asecondary Cross - As charge - Secondary - Or]]
* [http://oanda.sca.org/oanda_desc.cgi?p=CRAC%3apurpure%3asecondary Cross - As charge - Secondary - Purpure]]
* [http://oanda.sca.org/oanda_desc.cgi?p=CRAC%3asable%3asecondary Cross - As charge - Secondary - Sable]]
* [http://oanda.sca.org/oanda_desc.cgi?p=CRAC%3avert%3asecondary Cross - As charge - Secondary - Vert]]
* [http://oanda.sca.org/oanda_desc.cgi?p=CRAC%3atertiary Cross - As charge - Tertiary]]
* [http://oanda.sca.org/oanda_desc.cgi?p=CROSS%3aplain%20line%3auncharged Cross - Throughout - Uncharged - Plain line]]
* [http://oanda.sca.org/oanda_desc.cgi?p=CROSS%3acomplex%20line%3auncharged Cross - Throughout - Uncharged - Complex line]]
* [http://oanda.sca.org/oanda_desc.cgi?p=CROSS%3aplain%20line%3acharged Cross - Throughout - Charged - Plain line]]
* [http://oanda.sca.org/oanda_desc.cgi?p=CROSS%3acomplex%20line%3acharged Cross - Throughout - Charged - Complex line]]
* Cross monogram - see [http://oanda.sca.org/ordinary/S.html#symbol Symbol]] and [http://oanda.sca.org/ordinary/C.html#cross Cross]]
* Cross of - see [http://oanda.sca.org/ordinary/C.html#cross Cross]] and [http://oanda.sca.org/ordinary/A.html#arrangementincross Arrangement - In cross]] and [http://oanda.sca.org/ordinary/C.html#cross Cross]]

[[Category:Armory]] [[Category:Need Work]]