Editing Blazoning of Creatures

derived from Master Eldred Ælfwald, Azure Dragon Herald© 1998, 2010 Eldred Ælfwald / J. T. Thorpe
http://ealdercote.org/books/UoA/AnimalBlazonry.html

=Introduction=
In period armory, beasts and monsters were drawn such that their main features were easily seen and identified, and this convention should continue to be used...

One thing to note is that the default position for a beast or monster to be facing is '''''to dexter''''' (the viewer's left, the shield bearer's right). Many of the terms of heraldry come from French, and the major postures reflect these origins...

See also [[Posture]]

=Quadrupeds= 

See [[Quadruped Postures]]

=Insects and Tortoises and Amphibians=
'''tergiant''':an overhead view of the beast as it crawls along.<br>
'''volant-en-arriere''' (or ''volant''):winged insects in flight viewed from above.<br>
'''displayed''':the wings are outstretched--used for butterflies, moths, and other insects that are mostly wing.<br>

Creatures such as crickets and grasshoppers that are better identified from the side might be blazoned as ''statant''. Toads and frogs are often ''tergiant'' The exact emblazon is left to the good sense of the artist. Spiders are depicted tergiant by default, although within the SCA, some people have successfully registered spiders as being ''rampant''.

See also [[Reptiles]] and [[Insect, Arthropod]].

=Snake-like Creatures (eels and reptiles)= 
'''glissant''':slithering along usually either fesswise or to chief. Almost straight.<br>
'''ondoyant''' (or ''undoyant''):undulating or very wriggly. Again, usually to chief or fesswise.<br>
'''nowed''':knotted. In a loose knot that looks like an untightened overhand knot or a pretzel.<br>
'''erect''':ready to strike. The snake is shown in a reverse S-curve(default) so the entire length of the body is seen. This attitude is one that appears to be post period, but is still acceptable.<br>
'''coiled erect''':bottom portion coiled, head up and ready to strike. An SCA invented posture.<br>

See also [[Reptiles]]

=Humans and Humanoids= 
The default posture for humans is '''statant affronty'''. Anything else is almost never met with in Period heraldry. Sometimes if a human being is better described in a different position the posture will be changed accordingly. "An archer statant maintaining and drawing a bow" would naturally be seen in profile, as would "a knight armed cap-a-pie brandishing a sword upon a horse courant caparisoned...".

Angels have their wings displayed and inverted by default. They are usually found statant affronty in both SCA and Period heraldry.
An armored human is '''armed'''. If the armor covers all of his body he is '''armed cap-a-pie''' (literally "head to toe"). Clothing is blazoned as '''vested'''. Hair is described as '''crined'''. These details are optional and give no difference in SCA heraldry but are neat to know.

=Beasts of the Air= 
'''(birds or monsters that fly with prominent wings)'''

See [[Bird Postures]]

=Sea Creatures (fish, sea monsters)= 
'''hauriant''':positioned vertically with heads rising upwards--a common posture.<br>
'''urinant''':positioned vertically with heads sinking downwards, belly to sinister--a rare posture.<br>
'''naiant''':swimming fesswise--a common posture.<br>
'''embowed''':applies to any fish that has its body arched as if it were leaping. Think of ''hauriant// with the fish curved in an arc with the bend to the right. Sometimes it is emblazoned //naiant embowed''(period French) where the fish forms an "arch".<br>
'''erect''':applies to any sea monster--the top half is rampant and the bottom half is coiled into a loop.

See also [[Sea Creature Postures]]

=Neither Fish Nor Fowl= 
[[File:http://dragon_azure.tripod.com/images/Image23.gif|228x209px|right]]
Creatures that do not show a lot of movement or which don't really have a logical posture don't have their posture blazoned. For example, a snail or an octopus is just going to be blazoned as such but without a posture. There is no "logical" view of a snail except the side view. There is no logical view for an octopus or kraken (squid) except for head in the middle with the tentacles sort of fanning out from the center.

So what about heraldic monsters? Since many heraldic monsters are combinations of heraldic beasts, and combine two or more different types of beasts, how are they drawn? The answer is "Use your own judgement." A sea-monster is normally blazoned '''''erect'''''--the forepaws are as if the beast is rampant and the tail is looped. If the monster has legs, it can be blazoned using some if not all of the land attitudes. A dragon may be blazoned using any land or air beast attitudes, yet a wyvern cannot as it only has two legs.
Some of the more unusual animals in the heraldic zoo have multiple heads or bodies. The hydra is a "standard" multi-headed monster, but since it is defined as having multiple heads, there is not a special term for it. However, for those animals, that would not normally have more than one head (or body) special terms exist.
[[File:http://dragon_azure.tripod.com/images/Image24.gif|143x150px|right]]
'''bicorporate''':having two bodies and one head<br>
'''tricorporate, etc.''':having three, or more bodies as indicated by prefix<br>
'''bicapitated, etc'''two-headed, likewise, '''''tricapitated''''' means three-headed<br>
'''winged''':if the beast in question does not normally have wings, they can be added to create a new chimera-like monster.<br>
'''sea-<fill in the animal of choice>''':For the most part, animals can become sea-monsters by replacing the hind portion of their bodies with a fish tail (like a mermaid's). See the sea-urchin at right for an example.

=Animals’ Heads= 
[[File:http://dragon_azure.tripod.com/images/Image25.gif|179x254px|left]]
How does one deal with just the head of an animal? There are four basic positions for an animal’s head:

'''cabossed/caboshed''':simply a frontal view of the animal’s face. The neck is not shown in this depiction. '''Note:''' for foxes, this is referred to a '''''fox's mask''''', and for lions and leopards, it is referred to as a '''''lion's (or leopard's) face'''''.<br>
'''couped close''':a side view of the head only.<br>
'''couped''':a side view of the head with the neck shown. The neck ends in a simple horizontal line. ''Coupé''means "cut" in French, so this depiction of an animal’s head with smooth "cut" at the neck makes logical sense.<br>
'''erased''':Similar to '''''couped''''',but the neck ends in a ragged edge. To put it grossly, the head was ripped off.<br>
'''jessant-de-lys''':with a fleur-de-lys issuing from the mouth and head--as if the head were speared through.

=Attitude Adjustments= 
==Major Adjustments== 
In addition to the normal postures, there are a few other postures that involve multiple beasts or a beast and another object. Creatures that don't really have a front or a back when viewed in a heraldic position aren't blazoned in this fashion. For example, you wouldn't have "two snakes glissant respectant" or "two fish hauriant addorsed"--such a blazon would not have much meaning.

[[http://dragon_azure.tripod.com/images/Image26.gif|283x269px|right]]
'''combattant''':any two carnivorous beasts facing one another across the center line of division<br>
'''respectant''':any two peaceful beasts facing one another across the centerline of division.<br>
'''addorsed''':any two beasts back to back. Do not confuse with ''addorsed'' wings of avians.<br>
'''sustaining'''a <object>:a beast may hold a large object in two paws/talons. The object must be large enough that it could be used as a separate charge group.<br>
'''counter-passant''':two beasts that are passant in opposite directions.<br>
'''counter-salient''':two beasts that are salient in opposite directions. Vanishingly rare if at all in period armory.<br>
'''caparisoned/barded:'''refers to the barding on a horse when bridled, saddled, and armored.<br>
'''pinioned/winged''':refers to the tincture of the wings of an animal. When the wings are a major portion of the beast (such as when ''displayed'') changing the tinctures of the wings can be a point of difference.<br>
'''membered''':refers to the tincture of the legs of a beast.<br>
* One thing to note is that positions such as ''combattant'' and ''addorsed'' may fit our modern notions of symmetry by being mirror images. However, to the people of the Middle Ages, two beasts of the same type facing the same direction would have constituted symmetry. This doesn't preclude the use of such postures, but it provides something to think about when designing armory.

==Minor Adjustments== 
Minor changes to a beast include the position of the head or the tail, tinctures of minor details such as eyes, claws. Also, any aspect of a beast can have a tincture different from the remainder of its body.

===Changes to Postures===
[[http://dragon_azure.tripod.com/images/Image27.gif|157x205px|right]]
'''regardant''':applied to any beast--looking over its shoulder. Common.<br>
'''guardant''':applied to any beast--looking out towards viewer ('''''at gaze'''''for stags that are statant) Common.<br>
'''coward''':with tail between legs (for tailed beasts and monsters).<br>
'''maintaining''' '''a <object>''':a beast may hold a small object in a single paw/mouth/ beak/talon/etc. Very common.<br>
'''brandishing an <object>''':applies primarily to humanoids. The beast is holding the object in a threatening way. Very similar to '''''maintaining'''''.<br>
'''nowed'''(or ''knowed''):in a loop or knot--used to describe tails and serpents<br>
'''vulning:'''any animal wounding itself (Pelicans are the classic example)<br>

===Changes or Additions to Attributes===
'''Beware!''' By detailing every aspect of a beast, one begins to move away from period practice and good heraldic style. Remember, the fewer tinctures the eyes must distinguish between, the better the armorial style! By attempting too much detail, one ends up with "pictorial heraldry"! None of these changes will count as a difference between two beasts in SCA armory. Such details are usually too small to be noticed at a distance. What follows is not a comprehensive list, but covers a fair number of small changes that can be made to enhance an emblazon. Often, such details that are a standard part of the beast are regarded as artistic license. Additions to a beast, such as '''''gorged''''' and '''''vorant''''' are explicitly blazoned when the armory is being registered.

'''alerion''':without legs or beak. Rare.<br>
'''armed''':refers to the tincture of the claws, teeth and horns (and beak of a bird or monster)<br>
'''attired''':refers to the tincture of the horns of a deer or other beast with antlers<br>
'''barbed''':although commonly used to reference arrowheads, barbed also refers to a tail that ends in a spearhead-like point. Typical of dragons and wyverns.<br>
'''combed/crested''':refers to the tincture of a bird with a crest<br>
'''crined''':refers to the tincture of the hair of humanoids<br>
'''dented''':refers to the tincture of the teeth<br>
'''disarmed''':a creature without its offensive weapons<br>
'''distilling gouttes de sang/a goutte de sang''': dripping blood<br>
'''double-queued''':a creature that has two tails<br>
'''finned''':refers to the tincture of a fish's or sea monster's fins<br>
'''flammant/enflamed''':for traditionally fire-breathing beasts, flames issue from the mouth<br>
'''gorged of <item>''':refers to a collar or other object encircling the neck of a beast. Quite often period armory will depict an animal '''''engorged''''' of a coronet.<br>
'''habited/vested''':refers to the clothing on humanoids<br>
'''hooded''':refers to the tincture of a hood on a hawk<br>
'''horned''':refers to the tincture of the horns of an animal<br>
'''incensed''':spouting flames from the mouth and ears (typical of panthers from the 16th century onwards).Earlier examples of the panther lack this type of detail and the flames issue only from the mouth.<br>
'''jelloped''':refers to the tincture of a bird's wattles<br>
'''langued''':refers to the tincture of the tongue.<br>
'''maned''':refers to the tincture of an animal's mane<br>
'''orbed''':refers to the tincture of the eyes<br>
'''queued''':refers to the tincture of the tail<br>
'''queue-forché''':used to describe a tail that is split in two<br>
'''sexed/pizzled/coded''':refers to the tincture of the sexual organs of a beast. Rare<br>
'''tufted''':refers to the tincture of the tufts of hair on animal's limbs and tails. Rare.<br>
'''unguled/hoofed''':refers to the tincture of the hooves. Rare.<br>
'''vorant''':any animal devouring another creature or object<br>
'''vulned''':wounded and disgorging blood<br>

=Bibliography= 
==Books and Publications== 
* Benicœur, Arval and Marten Bröker. ''The Compleat Anachronist #22: Heraldry--The Design and Submission of Devices and Badges in the Society for Creative Anachronism''. November, 1985.
* Brooke-Little, J.P. <u>An Heraldic Alphabet</u>. Robson Books, London, 1996.
* Amberdrake, Eowyn. ''The Compleat Anachronist #61: An Encheiridion: The Education of a Scribe.''May, 1992.
* Foster, John. <u>The Dictionary of Heraldry</u>. Studio Editions, London, 1994.
* Fox-Davies, Arthur Charles. <u>A Complete Guide to Heraldry</u>. Bonanza Books, England, 1985.
* Friar, Stephen J. and John Ferguson. <u>Basic Heraldry</u>. W.W.Norton & Company, New York, 1993.
* Grant, Francis J. <u>The Manual of Heraldry</u>. John Grant Booksellers, Ltd. Edinburgh, 1948.
* Miller, Bruce and Kevin Munday. <u>A Pictorial Dictionary of Heraldry</u>. 1992.
* Woodcock and Robinson. <u>The Oxford Guide to Heraldry</u>Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1988.
==Computer Resources==
* rec.heraldry -Usenet newsgroup. Members of the British College of Arms and the SCA converse here.
* SCAHRLDS - SCA Heralds' mail list server.
* [[http://www.sca.org/heraldry SCA Heraldry Homepage]]: -- Here one can find the Rules for Submission, a listing of online SCA heraldic precedents, and links to other heraldry resources.

'''The Legal Stuff:'''These materials are ©1997-2010 by J.T.Thorpe.
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