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=Dating Geirr Bassi=  
'''WARNING: Do not cite this page as a reference. This page is on this wikispace only to make the content "searchable" and easier to find. If you find the information you seek here, go to the original sources as linked below to verify the information and use them for your documentation.'''
 
''<span style="background-color: #eef3f6; color: #222222; font-family: monospace;">Revised {$revisiondate}.</span>''
==March 2004 - appropriate up to c1100==  
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158 '''Iror the Insane.''' Name. "''Iror'' is documented as an Old Norse masculine given name in Geirr Bassi (p. 12). As such, it is undated but appropriate for up to approximately 1100. "
=<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;">Dating Geirr Bassi</span>=  
===March 2004 - appropriate up to c1100===  
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;">[[#158]]'''Iror the Insane.''' Name. </span>"''Iror'' is documented as an Old Norse masculine given name in Geirr Bassi (p. 12). As such, it is undated but appropriate for up to approximately 1100. "
http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2004/03/04-03lar.html
http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2004/03/04-03lar.html


==November 2003 - c. 1100 or earlier==  
===<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;">November 2003 - c. 1100 or earlier</span>===  
147 '''Anna allrasystir Úlfsdóttir.''' Name. "Submitted as ''An<u>ya</u> Allrasystir Úlfsdóttir'', the submitted name combines a 16th C Russian given name with a pair of Old Norse bynames (appropriate for c. 1100 or earlier)..."
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;">[[#147]]'''Anna allrasystir Úlfsdóttir.''' Name. "</span>Submitted as ''Ann<u>y__a __A</u>llrasystir Úlfsdóttir'', the submitted name combines a 16th C Russian given name with a pair of Old Norse bynames (appropriate for c. 1100 or earlier)..."
http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2003/11/03-11lar.html
http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2003/11/03-11lar.html


=Geirr Bassi Errors</span>=
==hákr:==
Geir Bassi defines <hákr> as "hake, fish".


Njáls saga says:
"Var hann fyrir því kallaðr Þorkell hákr að hann eirði hvártki í orðum né verkum við hvern sem hann átti." ([http://www.facebook.com/l/cAQEPa9Oq/books.google.com/books?id=dsIXAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA283| Google Books] )
[He was called Thorkel foulmouth, because he spared no one with whom he had to do either in word or deed. ([http://www.facebook.com/l/KAQEvNTWv/sagadb.org/brennu-njals_saga.en%23118| http://sagadb.org/brennu-njals_saga.en#118])]


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Finnur Jónnson says "hákr bet. en 'voldsom, uforskammet' person, der er dygtig til at bruge mund." [hákr has the sense of 'a violent, rude' person skilled in insults ([http://www.facebook.com/l/XAQG46WCw/books.google.com/books?id=KWkSAAAAYAAJ| http://books.google.com/books?id=KWkSAAAAYAAJ] or [http://www.facebook.com/l/vAQE6Yer2/heimskringla.no/wiki/Tilnavne_i_den_islandske_oldlitteratur| http://heimskringla.no/wiki/Tilnavne_i_den_islandske_oldlitteratur])
=<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;">Geirr Bassi Errors</span>=
===<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;">hákr:</span>===  
Geir Bassi defines <hákr> as "hake, fish".


<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.800000190734863px;">Njáls saga says:</span>
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.800000190734863px;">'''"Var hann fyrir því kallaðr Þorkell hákr að hann eirði hvártki í orðum né verkum við hvern sem hann átti." ('''</span>'''<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #3b5998; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.800000190734863px; text-decoration: none;">[[@http:''www.facebook.com/l/cAQEPa9Oq/books.google.com/books?id=dsIXAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA283|http:''books.google.com/books?id=dsIXAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA283]]</span>'''<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.800000190734863px;">''')'''</span>
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.800000190734863px;">[He was called Thorkel foulmouth, because he spared no one with whom he had to do either in word or deed. (</span><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #3b5998; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.800000190734863px; text-decoration: none;">[[@http:''www.facebook.com/l/KAQEvNTWv/sagadb.org/brennu-njals_saga.en%23118|http:''sagadb.org/brennu-njals_saga.en#118]]</span><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.800000190734863px;">)]</span>
=== ===
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.800000190734863px;">Finnur Jónnson says "hákr bet. en 'voldsom, uforskammet' person, der er dygtig til at bruge mund." [hákr has the sense of 'a violent, rude' person skilled in insults (</span><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #3b5998; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.800000190734863px; text-decoration: none;">[[@http:''www.facebook.com/l/XAQG46WCw/books.google.com/books?id=KWkSAAAAYAAJ|http://books.google.com/books?id=KWkSAAAAYAAJ]]</span><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.800000190734863px;"> or</span><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #3b5998; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.800000190734863px; text-decoration: none;">[[@http://www.facebook.com/l/vAQE6Yer2/heimskringla.no/wiki/Tilnavne_i_den_islandske_oldlitteratur|http:''heimskringla.no/wiki/Tilnavne_i_den_islandske_oldlitteratur]]</span><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.800000190734863px;">)]</span>
=== ===
HÁKR, m., the proper sense may have been some kind of fish, cp. Engl. hake; the word is seldom used but in compds; mat-hákr, a glutton; orð-hákr, foul mouth: a nickname, hann var fyrir því kallaðr Þorkell hákr at hann eirði öngu hvárki í orðum né verkum, Nj. 183.


HÁKR, m., the proper sense may have been some kind of fish, cp. Engl. hake; the word is seldom used but in compds; mat-hákr, a glutton; orð-hákr, foul mouth: a nickname, hann var fyrir því kallaðr Þorkell hákr at hann eirði öngu hvárki í orðum né verkum, Nj. 183.


In modern Norwegian, "å hakke" ("å" is the infinitive marker) means 'to hack/chop' also in the sense of verbally pecking at/chiding someone and it can be done over a long period and mercilessly.
In modern Norwegian, "å hakke" ("å" is the infinitive marker) means 'to hack/chop' also in the sense of verbally pecking at/chiding someone and it can be done over a long period and mercilessly.


==þrymr:==  
=== ===
===<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;">þrymr</span><span style="font-size: 1.1em; line-height: 1.5;">''':'''</span>===  
 
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;">Geirr Bassi defines <þrymr> as "loud noise, alarm"</span>


Geirr Bassi defines <þrymr> as "loud noise, alarm"
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;">Finnur Jónsson (</span><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #3b5998; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; text-decoration: none;">[[@http:''www.facebook.com/l/7AQE6aglW/books.google.com/books?id=KWkSAAAAYAAJ|http://books.google.com/books?id=KWkSAAAAYAAJ]]</span><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;"> or</span><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #3b5998; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; text-decoration: none;">[[@http://www.facebook.com/l/pAQGQBm_E/heimskringla.no/wiki/Tilnavne_i_den_islandske_oldlitteratur|http:''heimskringla.no/wiki/Tilnavne_i_den_islandske_oldlitteratur]]</span><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;">) gives the bynames <þrymr>, <þrumr> and also the prefixed bynames <þrym-> and <Þrum-> and defines this as "calm and silent".</span>


Finnur Jónsson ([http://www.facebook.com/l/7AQE6aglW/books.google.com/books?id=KWkSAAAAYAAJ| http://books.google.com/books?id=KWkSAAAAYAAJ][[http://www.facebook.com/l/pAQGQBm_E/heimskringla.no/wiki/Tilnavne_i_den_islandske_oldlitteratur| http://heimskringla.no/wiki/Tilnavne_i_den_islandske_oldlitteratur]) gives the bynames <þrymr>, <þrumr> and also the prefixed bynames <þrym-> and <Þrum-> and defines this as "calm and silent".</span>
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;">Geirr Bassi got his definition from the Cleasby-Vigfusson Old Icelandic dictionary (</span><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #3b5998; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; text-decoration: none;">[[@http:''www.facebook.com/l/8AQEqdCUC/www.ling.upenn.edu/~kurisuto/germanic/oi_cleasbyvigfusson_about.html|http:''www.ling.upenn.edu/~kurisuto/germanic/oi_cleasbyvigfusson_about.html]]</span><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;">, see p.747), which has some related terms that appear to have led GB astray:</span>


Geirr Bassi got his definition from the Cleasby-Vigfusson Old Icelandic dictionary ([http://www.facebook.com/l/8AQEqdCUC/www.ling.upenn.edu/~kurisuto/germanic/oi_cleasbyvigfusson_about.html| http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~kurisuto/germanic/oi_cleasbyvigfusson_about.html], see p.747), which has some related terms that appear to have led GB astray:
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;">● þrymr (masc. noun) "an alarm, noise"</span>
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;">● þrymr (adjective) "glorious"</span>
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;">● þryma (fem. noun) "an alarm, noise"</span>
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;">● þruma (fem. noun) "a thunderclap"</span>
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;">● þruma (verb) "to rattle, to thunder"</span>


* þrymr (masc. noun) "an alarm, noise"
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;">However, one must be aware that these words some front mutation of the back vowel "u" to the front vowel "y", hence the various spellings. Old Norse "u" and "y" both have similar sounds. E.V. Gordon (An Introduction to Old Norse) says:</span>
* þrymr (adjective) "glorious"
* þryma (fem. noun) "an alarm, noise"
* þruma (fem. noun) "a thunderclap"
* þruma (verb) "to rattle, to thunder"


However, one must be aware that these words some front mutation of the back vowel "u" to the front vowel "y", hence the various spellings. Old Norse "u" and "y" both have similar sounds. E.V. Gordon (An Introduction to Old Norse) says:
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;">● <u> as in French <roux></span>
*  "u" as in French <roux>
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;">● <ú> as in droop</span>
* <ú> as in droop
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;">● <y> as in French <tu></span>
* <y> as in French <tu>
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;">● <ý> as in French <pur></span>
* <ý> as in French <pur>


(Are there better English words to illustrate the sounds for which Gordon uses French examples?)
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;">(Are there better English words to illustrate the sounds for which Gordon uses French examples?)</span>


Armed with this knowledge, and going back to Cleasby-Vigfusson, sure enough:
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;">Armed with this knowledge, and going back to Cleasby-Vigfusson, sure enough:</span>


* þrumr (masc. noun) "a slow person, moper" used as a nickname: "hann var þógull ok fálátr, þvi var hann kallaðr Þrym-Ketill" [He was silent and aloof, so he was called Þrym-Ketill]
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;">● þrumr (masc. noun) "a slow person, moper" used as a nickname: "hann var þógull ok fálátr, þvi var hann kallaðr Þrym-Ketill" [He was silent and aloof, so he was called Þrym-Ketill]</span>
* þrymja, þrumði = þruma (verb) "to sit fast, mope"
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;">● þrymja, þrumði = þruma (verb) "to sit fast, mope"</span>
* þruma (verb) "to mope, tarry, stay behind, loiter"
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;">● þruma (verb) "to mope, tarry, stay behind, loiter"</span>


See also:
See also:
Sveinbjörn Egilsson. Lexicon Poëticum Antiquæ Linguæ. Copenhagen: J.D. Qvist & Co. 1860. http://books.google.com/books?id=YpAVAAAAYAAJ
Sveinbjörn Egilsson. Lexicon Poëticum Antiquæ Linguæ. Copenhagen: J.D. Qvist & Co. 1860. [[@http://books.google.com/books?id=YpAVAAAAYAAJ]]


Finnur Jónsson. Lexica Poetica at Septentrionalia. Copenhagen: S.L. Møllers. 1931. http://www.septentrionalia.net/lex/index2.php?book=d&page=-3&ext=png
Finnur Jónsson. Lexica Poetica at Septentrionalia. Copenhagen: S.L. Møllers. 1931. [[@http://www.septentrionalia.net/lex/index2.php?book=d&page=-3&ext=png]]
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