Native American Names

WARNING: Do not cite this page as a reference. This page is on this wiki to make the content "searchable" and easier to find. If you find the information you seek here, go to the original sources (generally linked) to verify the information and use them for your documentation. Contact the editor-in-chief, Sofya la Rus, if there are copyright concerns or other issues.  sofya at calontiri dot info 

Timeline

c. 1700 BCE - Poverty Point civilization

c. 1600 BCE - Olmec civilization

c. 900 BCE - Chavin civilization

c. 700 BCE - Maya civilization

c. 600 BCE - Hopewell culture

c. 400 BCE - Teotihuacan

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c. 500 - Late Woodland culture

c. 900 CE - Toltecs, Chaco Canyon

c. 900 - Mississipian culture

c. 1000 - Norse in Greenland and outpost/s in Nova Scotia

1438 - Inca Empire

c. 1450 - Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) confederacy

Basque fishing expeditions off Cape Cod?

1492 - Spanish language documentation of Taino people in Caribbean

1497 - English-sponsored expedition to North America

1499 - Portuguese mapping of Newfoundland/Labrador area

1513 - Spanish language documentation of la Florida

1519 - Spanish documentation of Aztec Empire

1521 - Portuguese seasonal fishing camps in Newfoundland, Nova Scotia

1530s - Spanish documentation of Inca Empire

1583 - English claim Newfoundland

1585 - failed English colony at Roanoke, English attacks on Iberian fishing fleets off Newfoundland

In Norse Sources:

<skraeling> - ÍSLENDINGABÓK mentions "Skrælingar" (plural), page 57 of this document, and the footnote: http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Text%20Series/IslKr.pdf However, a locative byname along the lines of other Old Norse locative bynames might be more likely.

Additional notes -

• <skraelingr> is a *noun*, so it can't be an adjective. The etymology of the term is really uncertain. It may derive from Old Norse <skraekja> "shout, clamor, din", but the derivation is shaky. An alternate explanation is that <skraelingr> is a "Norsified" version of some native term. The earliest usage seems to be in references to Thorfinnr Karlsefni's voyages to Vinland and Markland, putting it ca. 1003-1005, but these were not recorded in writing until much later. Ari Thorgilsson's Islendingabok is the first actual written instance of the word <skraelingr>. Modern Norwegian <skraeling> is "weakling, wretch"; while Modern Icelandic <skraelingi> is "barbarian".
• The only names recorded for skraelingjar are for the parents of Karlsefni's unnamed captive boys, <Vætilldi> (mother), <Uvægi> (father), and for two "kings" of the skraelingjar, <Avalldamon>, and <Avalldidida>, both masculine. [En sveinana hofðu þeir með sér ok kendu þeim mál ok váru skírðir. Þeir nefndu móður sína Vætilldi ok foður Úvægi.Þeir sogðu at konungar stjórnuðu Skrælingalandi; hét annarr Avalldamon, en annarr hét Valldidida. (Eiríks saga rauða)]
• The term <skraelingr> was used to refer first to the Thule People (ancestors of the Inuit), and later members of the Beothuk tribe (part of the larger Algonquin culture). There is no evidence that the Norse came into contract with any other tribes, and there are only a couple of words of Beothuk recorded from many centuries after the end of the Viking Age.
• Skraelingjar coming to Scandinavia would have been extremely rare, and pretty much restricted to enslaved persons (thralls). Karlsefni fetched back two children to Greenland, but the rest of Scandinavia had much easier slave trade in Irish captives, so going to the New World would have been economically unfeasible.

References:

• Cleasby, Richard and Guðbrandr Vigfusson. An Icelandic-English Dictionary. 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon. 1957. From http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~kurisuto/germanic/oi_cleasbyvigfusson_about.html
• Thalbitzer, William. "Skrælingerne i Markland og Grønland, deres Sprog og Nationalitet". Oversigt Over Det Kongeligh Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger 2 (1905). pp. 185-209. https://books.google.com/books?id=9_4LAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA185
• courtesy of GUNNVOR

North America:

Nahuatl

Trade language of the Aztec empire

Codex Tudela

Florentine Codex

Morelos Town Census...

• Nomen est omen: Pre-Hispanic Nahua Naming Patterns - https://www.mexicolore.co.uk/aztecs/language/prehispanic-nahua-naming-patterns

South America

Quechua

Incan empire...

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Precedents:

Precedents of the SCA College of Arms - http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/precedents.html
Morsulus Heralds Website - http://www.morsulus.org/ (to search the LoARs and Precedents)

Use the above links to be sure any precedents listed below haven't been superseded by newer precedents.

Collected Name Precedents: Native American - http://heraldry.sca.org/precedents/CompiledNamePrecedents/NativeAmerican.html

WARNING: Do not cite this page as a reference. This page is on this wiki to make the content "searchable" and easier to find. If you find the information you seek here, go to the original sources (generally linked) to verify the information and use them for your documentation. Contact the editor-in-chief, Sofya la Rus, if there are copyright concerns or other issues.  sofya at calontiri dot info