Scandinavian Alternate Titles

WARNING: Do not cite this page as a reference. This page is on this wiki to make the content "searchable" and easier to find. If you find the information you seek here, go to the original sources (generally linked) to verify the information and use them for your documentation. Contact the editor-in-chief, Sofya la Rus, if there are copyright concerns or other issues.  sofya at calontiri dot info 

Other Potential Sources:

Laurel Alternate Titles List - http://heraldry.sca.org/titles.html
On-line System for Commentary and Response (OSCAR) - https://oscar.sca.org/
Morsules LoAR/Precedent Searches - http://www.morsulus.org/
Name Pattern Search Form for registered items - http://oanda.sca.org/oanda_np.cgi

Academy of St. Gabriel "Medieval Names Archive" - http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/ (copies required)
Archive of St. Gabriel reports - http://www.panix.com/~gabriel/public-bin/archive.cgi ("no copy")
Academy of St. Gabriel "working" bibliography - http://www.panix.com/~gabriel/public-documents/biblio.html

Database of Medieval Names (from the Medieval Names Archive) - http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/database/alphalist.php
Dictionary of Medieval Names from European Sources - http://dmnes.org/names
IGI Searches (aka Family Search) - https://familysearch.org/search/collection/igi (batches B, C, J, K, M (except M17 and M18), or P are acceptable)

Omniglot On-line Encyclopedia of Writing Systems and Languages - http://www.omniglot.com/index.htm

Precedents:

Precedents of the SCA College of Arms - http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/precedents.html
Morsulus Heralds Website - http://www.morsulus.org/ (to search the LoARs and Precedents)

Use the above links to be sure any precedents listed below haven't been superseded by newer precedents.

August 2015 - Scandinavian Alternative Titles

Orle Herald proposed changes to list of alternate titles at http://heraldry.sca.org/titles.html. The proposal was split into four Ansteorran Letters of Intent dated November 23, January 23, February 4, and February 28, all of which were considered at the May 2015 Pelican decision meeting. The decision was delayed due to a lack of commentary on the proposal. When the proposal was made, Table 4 included Danish titles, and Table 5 included Middle Norwegian, Swedish, Icelandic, and Old Norse titles. Orle proposed splitting the titles into Viking Age Iceland, Norway, Denmark, and Sweden, and Medieval Norway, Denmark, and Sweden. A number of modern titles were eliminated, and other period ones were added. Orle's documentation and research can be found at http://www.vikinganswerlady.com/Stars/Titles/Scandinavian_Titles.htm. The List of Alternate Titles is intended to "allow those in the Society with various personae to use titles appropriate to those personae". However, we note that the Society's hierarchy does not fit a particular historic model, so our use of alternate titles does not always correspond to how they were used in period. We are making the following changes:

• - For "King", the titles are Konungr for Viking Age Norway and Sweden; Konungr and Konung for Viking Age Denmark; Konungr and Konung(h) for Medieval Norway; Konung(h), Koning(h), and Konig for Medieval Denmark; and Konung(h), Konung(e)r, and Kununger for Medieval Sweden.
• - For "Queen", the titles are Dróttning for Viking Age Norway, Denmark, and Sweden; Drotning(h), Drotingenne, Drotnigh, and Dronning for Medieval Norway; and Drotning for Medieval Denmark and Sweden. The titles for "Queen Regnant" in Viking Age Norway would be Hofuðdróttning and Meykongr.
• - For "Prince", the titles are Oðlingr for Viking Age Norway; Jungherra, Junc(k)her, Junkher, Forste, F(f)ørste, and Furst(e) for Medieval Norway; Furst for Medieval Denmark; and Först for Medieval Sweden.
• - For "Princess", the titles are Jung- Junc- Jun(c)k-/-frú -fru -frw -fraw, Førstinne, Førstinde, Forstinna, and Furstinde for Medieval Norway; Jungfrauwe,Junckfruw, and Juncvrow for Medieval Denmark; and Junc(k)fru(e) for Medieval Sweden.
• - For "Duke", the titles are Hertogi for Viking Age Norway; Hertogi, Hertug(h), and Hertog(h) for Medieval Norway; Hertug, Hertig, Herteghe, Hertoge, andHertogh(e) for Medieval Denmark; and Hertugh and Hætogher for Medieval Sweden.
• - For "Duchess", the titles are Hertogakona for Viking Age Norway; Hertug(h)inna and Hertog(h)inna for Medieval Norway; and Hertoghinne for Medieval Denmark and Sweden.
• - For "Count", the titles are Jarl for Viking Age Norway and Sweden; Jarl, Greifi, Greffue, Gre(ff)we, and Greff for Medieval Norway; Jarl, Greue, and Greffuefor Medieval Denmark; and Jarl and Greifi for Medieval Sweden.
• - For "Countess", the titles are Jarlkona and Jarlskona for Viking Age Norway; Grevinne, Grefinne, and Greffinne for Medieval Norway; and Grevinne for Medieval Denmark and Sweden.
• - For "Viscount" and "Viscountess", no evidence could be found to support analogues to these titles prior to 1650.
• - For "Master", the titles are Meistari, Íþróttamaðr, Kennari, and Lærifaðir for Viking Age Iceland and Norway; Meistare, Mester, Meister, Magister, and Lærerfor Medieval Norway; Mesteri and Mæster for Medieval Denmark; and Mæistari, Mæstare, and Mæster for Medieval Sweden.
• - For "Mistress", the titles are Íþróttakona and Lærimóðir for Viking Age Iceland and Norway; Mesterinde, Lærerinde, and Læremoder for Medieval Norway;Læremoder for Medieval Denmark; and Läremoder and Mästarinna for Medieval Sweden.
• - For "Knight", the titles are Kappi for Viking Age Iceland; Riddari, Ridd(h)are, Ridd(h)ere, and Ridder for Medieval Norway; Ridd(h)er(e) for Medieval Denmark; and Riddare, Riddere, and Ryttare for Medieval Sweden.
• - For "Sir", the form of address is Herra for Medieval Norway; Her for Medieval Denmark; and Her, Herra, and Hærre for Medieval Sweden.
• - For "Baron", the titles are Goði, Hofðingi, and Ágætr maðr for Viking Age Iceland; Hersir for Viking Age Norway; Landmanna for Viking Age Denmark;Lendr maðr and Barún for Medieval Norway; Landmannr for Medieval Denmark; and Barun for Medieval Sweden.
• - For "Baroness", the titles are Ágætr kona for Viking Age Iceland; and Hersirkona, Hersiskona, and Ágætr kona for Viking Age Norway. No analogues were found for Medieval Norway, Denmark, or Sweden.
• - For "Lord", the titles are Drót(t)in for Viking Age Norway; Drot(t)in for Viking Age Denmark; Drottin for Viking Age Sweden; Herra, Herre, and Her for Medieval Norway; Her and Drót(t)in(n) for Medieval Denmark; and Drotin for Medieval Sweden.
• - For "Lady", the titles are Frú, Frauva, Frouva, and Frou for Viking Age Norway; Fruha for Viking Age Denmark; Fru(e), Frw(e), Frv(e), Fruwe, Ffrve, Ffrw, and Ffrue for Medieval Norway; Frue, Fruæ, Frughæ, and Frowe for Medieval Denmark; and Fru, Fruæ, Frw(e), Frwæ, Fru(u)a, and Frugha for Medieval Sweden.

All other alternate titles for the previous language categories have been eliminated. Accents can be dropped if needed to be consistent with an individual's name. We note that the titles were generally used as bynames, particularly in the Viking Age, and usually appeared in lower case. An exception is Herra ("Sir" or "Lord"), which was borne before the individual's name. We thank Orle for all of her hard work documenting the various titles and collating and graphing the data, and for the assistance of Eirik Halfdanarson for his work in issuing the special Letters of Intent.

• http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2015/08/15-08cl.html#4

Collected Precedents:

http://heraldry.sca.org/precedents.html

WARNING: Do not cite this page as a reference. This page is on this wiki to make the content "searchable" and easier to find. If you find the information you seek here, go to the original sources (generally linked) to verify the information and use them for your documentation. Contact the editor-in-chief, Sofya la Rus, if there are copyright concerns or other issues.  sofya at calontiri dot info