Hraefn Oakwright

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Inspiration[edit | edit source]

  • Old English
  • "raven" + oakwright

Hraefn[edit | edit source]

  • DMNES sn. Raven m. Old English hræfn, Old Icelandic hrafn, Old High German raban, Old Saxon hram 'raven'.
  • Searle; Onomasticon Anglo-Saxonicum; P.394 has R{ae}fen dated to 1023 as a given name. - Google eBook
  • R&W lists the OE spelling "hræfn," s.n. Raven

English[edit | edit source]

  • Raven as an English given name - http://dmnes.org/name/Raven
  • Raven as an English surname - Family Search, Margarita Raven, 1648 burial, Stafford England, Batch B39598-4

Norse:[edit | edit source]

Hrafn: Old Norse for “raven.”

  • Geirr Bassi Haraldsson. The Old Norse Name. Studia Marklandica I. Olney,
  • MD: Markland Medieval Militia. 1977. p. 11
  • Fellows-Jensen, Gillian. Scandinavian Personal Names in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire. Copenhagen. Akademisk Forlag. 1968. pp. 210-212
  • Lind, _Norsk-Isländska Dopnamn ock Fingerade Namn från Medeltiden_, column 564, has Hrafn, a masculine given name, dated 1342, 1475.
  • http://dmnes.org/name/Raven

Oakwright[edit | edit source]

  • Per SENA Appx C, Old English combines with Dutch, French, Gaelic and Scandinavian
  • Lingua Anglica?
  • Eckwright? (not finding as a period name, though)
  • Arkwright would be close in sound and meaning maker of arks (chests) ...
  • "H. Oke the Wright" a la Master Edward Boisewright, RIP, who actually registered Edward Boise the Wright
  • plausible (?) constructed occupational byname
    • ác-treó (oak) + tréowwyrhta (tree-wright; a carpenter, joiner) = ác-treówwyrhta
  • Using a compound locative byname
    • H. ae/of Ác-wyrhta [need genitive form?] - Old English only allows marked locative bynames - http://heraldry.sca.org/sena.html#AppendixA
    • H. Okewright [sic] - unmarked locative byname allowed in Middle English - ibid

Oak[edit | edit source]

Old English[edit | edit source]

ác an oak, hence, this Rune not only stands for the letter a, but for ác an oak, per Bosworth Toller's Anglo-Saxon Dictionary online

  • ác-drenc, -drinc, es; m. Oak-drink, a kind of drink made of acorns; potus ex quercus glandibus factus.
  • ác-treó, -treów, es; n. An oak-tree; quercus
  • Ác-tún, es; m. [ác oak, tún a town] ACTON, Staffordshire ?

Middle English[edit | edit source]

https://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/middle-english-dictionary/dictionary/MED30485/track?counter=1&search_id=4128954

  • ōk(e n.
    • Forms - ōk(e n. Also oc, oek, hok(e, hokke, nok(e, wocke & (chiefly N) ake, akke, nake & (chiefly early) ac, aik & (errors) eoke, boke, ob, oe & (in place names only) ak, hac, ach, agh, age, aike, auch, hock, ox, rok, ech, hech, nech, eike, acum, oken.
    • Etymology - OE āc, sg. dat. ǣc, pl. dat. ācum & ON; cp. OI eik.
    • lists many surnames, but none "crafty" -
      • (1247) Feet Fines Oxf.in ORS 12146 : Simon del Oke.
      • (1265) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)1.230 : Richard Attenok.
      • (c1275) Deed St.Peter Glo.(2) in BGAS 3822 : Wm. de Okeholte.
      • (1278) Close R.Edw.I470 : John del Okes.
      • (1292-1301) *in Pilkington Surn. : William Aykheved.
      • (1296) in Fransson Surn.206 : Rob. Okman.
      • (1296) Sub.R.Sus.in Sus.RS 1070 : Willmo. aten Oke.
      • (1313) in Rymer's Foedera (1816-69)2.230 : Roger of the Okes.
      • (1319-20) Rec.Crondal in Hamp.RS 3421 : Willelmi atte Oketre, et Ricardi atte Oke.
      • (1324) Pat.R.Edw.II65 : Richard atte Okslade.
      • (1327) Sub.R.Stf.in WSAS 7234 : Johannes atte noke.
      • (?1327) in Ewen Surnames Brit.178 : Atte oclone.
      • (1331) Doc.in Riley Mem.Lond.180 : [William] atte Noke.
      • (1333) in Löfvenberg ME Local Surnames141 : Adam atter Hokebench.
      • (1361-2) Doc.Thaxted in Ess.ROP 3377 : John Nok.
      • a1385(1353) Cust.Chichester in Sus.RS 3170 : John Ocwode.
      • c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)5.115 : For sum tyme I seruide symme at þe nok [B: atte Stile] And was his prentis ypliʒt.
      • c1475 Gregory's Chron.(Eg 1995)190 : Als goode was Jacke Robyn as John at the Noke, for alle were as hyghe as pygysfete.
    • also placenames -
      • (1162) EPNSoc.2 (Bck.)191 : Radenhech.
      • (1180) in Bowcock PNShrop.82 : Cristesech.
      • (c1200) EPNSoc.20 (Cum.)118 : Aiketona.
      • (1233) EPNSoc.28 (Der.)389 : Mathlac.
      • (1235) in Ekwall PNLan.121 : Acton.
      • (1238) EPNSoc.14 (East Riding Yks.& York)160 : Hac.
      • (1260) Inquis.PM Hen.III in Archaeol.Cant.3249 : [Item, land which is called] Okolte [renders at Easter and Michaelmas 40 s.].
      • (1266) EPNSoc.14 (East Riding Yks.& York)237 : Auchton.
      • (1271) in Bowcock PNShrop.82 : Cristesach.
      • (1277) EPNSoc.17 (Not.)82 : Hoddeshock.
      • (1285) EPNSoc.23 (Oxf.)233 : La Hoke.
      • (1296) Name in LuSE 3517 : Acum.
      • (1298) EPNSoc.14 (East Riding Yks.& York)237 : Ayketon juxta Elreton.
      • (a1300) EPNSoc.17 (Not.)109 : Shirokes.
      • (1305) EPNSoc.28 (Der.)389 : Mattelok.
      • (1332) in Ekwall PNLan.121 : Aghton.
      • (c1340) in Sundby Dial.Wor.87 : Cloppedhoke.
      • (1354) EPNSoc.20 (Cum.)118 : Eyketon.
      • (1369) EPNSoc.15 (Hrt.)36 : Okmill.
      • (1393) Doc.Thaxted in Ess.ROP 3340 : [One acre of meadow called] Okelondemade.
      • (1396) in Ekwall Dict.EPN236 : Halyok.
      • (1397) in Wallenberg PNKent27 : Nokholt wood.
      • c1425 Liber de Hyda in RS 45250 : These ben the four half-plowlond markys..from Sandhyrst to the Kyngys ac-holte, from the acholte to Gysyngehyrne.
      • (1428) EPNSoc.11 (Sur.)332 : Oxstede.
      • (1440) EPNSoc.2 (Bck.)191 : Radenage.
      • (1468) EPNSoc.23 (Oxf.)233 : Noke.
      • a1500(c1294) Cart.Boarstall in OHS 88181 : Iuratores dicunt quod foresta de Bernewode incipit apud Goseacrehevede..et sic usque le hoke de Okewode apud Shortrudyngesende, [etc.].
      • a1500(c1325) Cart.Boarstall in OHS 88222 : Nokehegge.

"Survey of English Place-Names" sn. Oak has:

Wright[edit | edit source]

Old English[edit | edit source]

Craftsmen Who Process Wood..., from Wilhelm Klump. Die Altenglishen Handwerken Sachlich und Sprachlich Erläutert. Heidelberg: Carl Winter. 1908. per Gunnvor's article Some Old English Occupational Bynames

  • bytla -- masc. "a hammerer, builder"
  • bylda -- masc. "a builder"
  • timbrend -- masc. "a builder, constructor"
  • tréowwyrhta -- masc. "tree-wright; a carpenter, joiner"
  • wænwyrhta -- masc. "wain-wright, cart-wright, carriage-maker"
  • scipwyrhta -- masc. "a shipwright"
  • scyldwyrhta -- masc. "shield-wright, a maker of shields"
  • grafere -- masc. "sculptor"
  • hrófwyrhta -- masc. "roof-wright; a roofer, builder"
  • croc(c)wyrhta -- masc. "crock-wright; a potter"
  • lámwyrhta -- masc. "clay-wright; a potter"

For bracketing examples, we need '<material> + -wright'. We have that from Bosworth-Toller for Old English:

  • ísen-wyrhta - 'iron worker'
  • stán-wyrhta- 'stone worker, mason'
  • tréowwyrhta -- masc. "tree-wright; a carpenter, joiner" (also above) - found as treów-wyrht in B-T.
  • lámwyrhta -- masc. "clay-wright; a potter" (ditto)

In Middle English, we also have the few noted (e.g., Glaswhryghte, Lim). Thuresson also has one more: le Bordewright (1327, 'board/table/shield maker'), in various spellings. A concern is that we don't have similar examples using specific defined types of wood, stone, etc. Metals, yes, though.

Middle English[edit | edit source]

https://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/middle-english-dictionary/dictionary/MED53660/track?counter=1&search_id=4128954

  • wright(e n.(1)
    • Forms - Also wrigt(e, wrigth(e, wrigh, wriʒt(e, wriʒth(e, wriht(e, writ(e, writh(e, writht, wreth(e, (N) wreght, (SWM) wrouhte, whrouhte & (chiefly early) wricht(e, (early) wirhte, (chiefly SW or SWM) wruhte, wruchte, wurhte, wurhta, wurhtæ, wuruhte & (in names) wrightte, wrighthe, wrig, wri(h)tte, wrihgte, wrichgte, wrich(e, wrict(e, wricth(e, wrick, wristh, wrieth, wreghte, wreʒte, wrehte, wrechte, wrecthe, wreit, wreitche, wreut(t)e, wroghte, wrozte, wrouʒte, wrughte, wrushte, wrh(i)te, wirgh, wirchte, wiche, wergh(t)e, werhte, wereste, worght(t)e, worichte, worithte, wort, worth, whrighte, whrit, whreihte, whergte, right, rith; pl. wrightes, etc. & wriʒttis, writtis, (NEM) whrightes & (early) wrihten, wirhten, (SWM) wrohtes, wurhten, (early gen.) wurhtena, (early dat.) wurhtan & (gen. in place names) wrightin(g)-, wri(c)tin-, wrichting-, wrstinc-, uritting-.
    • Etymology - OE wyrhta, wrihta, (Nhb.) wyrchta, (K) werhta.
    • Definition 2. - In cpds., combs., and related phrases: (a) eldest wurhtena, maister ~, prince of wrightes, a chief carpenter; a builder, an architect; (b) ~ axe, a carpenter’s ax; ~ craft, carpentry; ~ garth, ?a carpenter’s yard; ~ hous, ?a carpenter’s workshop; (c) bot ~, a builder of boats or ships; cart ~, one who makes or repairs carts; castel ~, one who builds or repairs a ship’s castle; felt ~, one who makes or works with felt; glas ~, one who makes or works with glass; glasen ~, a glazier; milne ~, a designer or maker of mills; plough ~ [see plough-wrighte n.(a)]; ship ~ [OE scip-wyrhta], a shipbuilder, shipwright; quarter-maister ship ~, a subordinate shipwright; timber ~, a carpenter; whele ~, q.v.
    • Lists many surnames, but no "Oakwright". Most mean maker of x thing, not works with x material - but see glasswright and feltwright above. -
      • (1279) in Fransson Surn.183 : Hugo le Limwryte.
      • (1286) in Fransson Surn.165 : Thom. the Arkewrytte. (closest in sound to Oakwright?)
      • (1313) Sub.R.Glo.(1) in BGAS 19233 : Johannes le Glasswrouʒte.
      • (1313) Sub.R.Glo.(1) in BGAS 19245 : Radulphus le Glasworth.
      • (1319) Pat.R.Edw.II475 : Matthew le Glewryt. (as in gleeman, prof. entertainer?)
      • (1324) Inquest Lan.in LCRS 7010 : Simon le Collokwryht. (next closest in sound?)
      • (1327) in Fransson Surn.159 : Nich. le Whergte…Will. le Wrighthe.
      • (1332) in Fransson Surn.186 : Joh. le Glasenwiche.
      • (1333) in Fransson Surn.186 : Joh. Glaswort.
      • (1337) Name in LuSE 35 ()104 : Glaswhryghte.
      • a1385(c1275) Cust.Chichester in Sus.RS 3187 : John le Glaswerghe.
    • also found in placenames
      • (1195) in Ekwall PNLan.130 : Wrstincton.
      • (1202) in Ekwall PNLan.130 : Wrichtington.
      • (1212) in Ekwall PNLan.130 : Wrictinton.
      • (1230) in Fransson Surn.73 : Candelwryttestrete.
      • (1240) in Sundby Dial.Wor.108 : Bridelwrhtestrete.
      • (1246) in Ekwall PNLan.130 : Urittington.
      • (1251) in Ekwall Dict.EPN369 : Writebaud.
      • (1256) in Ekwall PNLan.130 : Wrytinton.
      • (1271-2) Will Court Hust.(Gldh)1.10 : [The parish of S. Swithun] de Candelwryhttestrate.
      • (1300) in Ekwall Dict.EPN369 : Writtebaud.
      • (1314) in Ekwall PNLan.()130 : Wrightyngton.
      • (1327) in Ekwall PNLan.130 : Wrightinton.
      • (1332) in Fransson Surn.163 : Rich. Nowright.
      • (1419) in Sundby Dial.Wor.108 : Wryghtmor.
      • (c1460) Paston2.341 : Robert Spany…bought…a place and certeyn londis in Tunstale sumtyme called Wrightis of Smalbergh.

Compound Locative Names[edit | edit source]

Compound Placenames in Old English has patterns:

  • Pattern One: Placename with family name or other owner reference following (separate words, or all combined, eg.
    • Acton Picot 1255, Acton le Runde 1284
    • Byrfferers 1239, Bairechartereay 1288

Old Norse[edit | edit source]

askasmiðr shipwright - http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/norse/vikbynames.html

  • oak - eik
  • carpenter - smiður

Combination[edit | edit source]

Cultural and Temporal Compatibility

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